@article {1927,
	title = {Essential oil polymorphism of wild growing Hungarian thyme (Thymus pannonicus) populations in the Carpathian Basin},
	journal = {Natural Product Communications},
	volume = {5},
	year = {2010},
	month = {2010///},
	pages = {1681 - 1686},
	address = {Affiliation: Department of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Corvinus University of Budapest, Vill{\'a}nyi {\'u}t 29, 1118 Budapest, Hungary; Correspondence Address: Pluh{\'a}r, Z.; Department of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Corvinus University of Budapest, Vill{\'a}n},
	abstract = {The volatile oil compositions of Thymus pannonicus All. from nineteen different localities of Hungary were analyzed by GC/MS. The essential oil content of the Hungarian thyme samples varied between very low (0.14 mL/100 g DW) and fairly high (1.9 mL/100 g DW) values. Significant essential oil polymorphism was found: altogether twelve chemovarieties may have been determined, representing a way of adaptation to different habitat conditions. The main volatile compound of chemotype 1 was thymol (24.6-67.5\%), while in the case of chemotype 2, thymol (36.5-63.7\%) and p-cymene (11.5-27.3\%) predominated. Thymol (28.4-63.7\%), p-cymene (11.5-31.8\%) and γ-terpinene (9.7-20.9\%) were identified as the chief monoterpenes of chemotype 3, while chemotype 4 contained thymol (36.5\%), p-cymene (27.3\%) and neral (11.2\%). Chemotype 5 accumulated thymol (38.5\%), p-cymene (20.6\%), γ-terpinene (12.0\%) and β-bisabolene (10.3\%) as its main volatiles. The oil of chemotype 6 can be characterized by thymol (41.9\%), p-cymene (20.2\%), isoborneol (10.3\%) and {\~a}-terpinene (9.9\%), while that of chemotype 7 consisted of thymol (27.7\%), linalyl acetate (18.8\%), γ-terpinene (18.6\%) and α-cubebene (13.9\%). In the oil of chemotype 8, p-cymene (45.0\%), geraniol (13.6\%) and linalyl acetate (9.9\%) were found in higher percentages, while chemotype 9 mainly produced linalyl acetate (36.2\%) and geranyl acetate (20.2\%). Chemotype 10 accumulated germacrene-D (43.4) and β-caryophyllene (15.0\%), while the oil of chemotype 11 contained caryophyllene oxide (45.2\%), α-cubebene (15.7\%) and linalool (13.8\%) in high proportions. Germacrene-D (29.7\%), β-caryophyllene (22.0\%) and farnesol (10.4\%) were identified as main essential oil compounds of chemotype 12. The last nine chemotypes were new for the literature, while the first seven contained thymol as their chief compound. The role of certain sesquiterpenes was found to be considerable.},
	keywords = {alpha cubebene, alpha thujene, article, beta elemene, beta pinene, camphene, Camphor, Carvacrol, caryophyllene, caryophyllene oxide, Chemotype, cineole, Diversity, Ecosystem, Essential oil, farnesol, gamma muurolene, Geraniol, Germacrene D, habitat, herbaceous agent, humulene, Hungary, isoborneol, limonene, Linalool, linalyl acetate, ocimene, Oils, para cymene, pinene, sesquiterpene, Sesquiterpenes, T cadinol, terpinene, terpineol, Thyme, thyme oil, Thymol, Thymus, Thymus pannonicus, Thymus Plant, Thymus vulgaris, unclassified drug, Volatile},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-77957924069\&partnerID=40\&md5=6024b3154737d662a6c54cc3d16c1532},
	author = {Pluh{\'a}r, Z and S{\'a}rosi, S and Pint{\'e}r, A and Simk{\'o}, H}
}
@article {1901,
	title = {Effects of spacing and harvesting time on herbage yield and quality/quantity of oil in thyme, Thymus vulgaris L.},
	journal = {Industrial Crops and Products},
	volume = {19},
	year = {2004},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996): 8},
	month = {2004///},
	pages = {231 - 236},
	address = {Affiliation: Inst. Med. Plants Nat. Prod. Res., Iranian Acad. Ctr. Educ., Culture R., Bozorg. St., Qods St., Enghelab Ave., Tehran, Iran; Affiliation: ACECR-Shaheed Beheshtii Unit, Tehran, Iran},
	abstract = {Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) is member of Lamiaceae family, which distributes in different areas of Meditranea and Asia. Thyme volatile phenolic oil has been reported to be among the top 10 essential oils, showing antibacterial, antimycotic, antioxidative, natural food preservative, and mammalian age delaying properties. It has been known that agronomical factors have a great effect on both quality and quantity of essential metabolites. For this reason, it is necessary to determine optimum levels of agronomical factors affecting plant growth and production. Planting space and time of harvesting are the most important agronomical factors. This study has been conducted in Research farm of ACECR, Institute of Medicinal Plants \& Natural Products Research along 1999-2000 on the base of factorial experiment in randomized complete block design with three replications. Thyme is cultivated in rows of 50cm apart with inter-row spacing of 15, 30 or 45cm. Plants are harvested in three stages, i.e. the beginning of blooming, full blooming and fruit set. In order to study the effects of plants space and time of harvesting, plant height, plant diameter, yields of dry and fresh herbage, content (\%) and yield of oil, thymol and carvacrol were measured. Planting space had significant effect on plant diameter (P<0.05) and very significant effect (P<0.01) on other measured parameters except oil content, which was not significant. Time of harvest had significant effect on yield of fresh herbage, content of oil and content of carvacrol (P<0.05). Its effect on other parameters was very significant (P<0.01) except dry herbage and oil yield. The maximum yield of dry and fresh herbage, yield and content of oil and thymol yield were obtained in 15cm space and beginning of blooming stage. Maximum thymol content was observed in the beginning of blooming and 45cm space. However, 15cm spacing and harvesting in the beginning of blooming was the best treatment in respect of yield of dry matter, oil and thymol per unit area. {\textcopyright} 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {Carvacrol, Dry matter, Oil, Thymol, Thymus vulgaris},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-1842787835\&partnerID=40\&rel=R6.5.0},
	author = {NaghdiBadi, H and Yazdani, D and Ali, S M and Nazari, F}
}
@article {1871,
	title = {The selection of Thymus vulgaris cultivars to grow in Canada},
	journal = {Journal of Essential Oil Research},
	volume = {11},
	year = {1999},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996): 4},
	month = {1999///},
	pages = {337 - 342},
	address = {Affiliation: Horticultural Research Centre, Department of Plant Science, Fac. of Agric. and Food Laval Univ., Qué., G1K 7P4, Canada; Affiliation: Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Philipps University of Marburg, Deutschhauserstr. 17A, Germany; Affili},
	abstract = {Five different cultivars of Thymus vulgaris originating from various geographical sources (Canada, Germany, former GDR and Spain) were organically cultivated in the fields in Quebec, Canada. The oils obtained through steam distillation of the dried leaves from each cultivar varied from 1.38\% to 2.04\%, depending on the cultivar used. The highest oil content was obtained from cv "Madrid" followed by "RH-1" and "Laval-1." More than 95\% of the oil, with a total of approximately 22 components were identified in the samples. Oxygenated monoterpenes were the main group of constituents in all cultivars. Cultivar "Laval-1," recently developed in Quebec, "Madrid" from Spain and "RH-1 " from Germany were established to belong to thymol-chemotypes. Cultivar "QDLB" characterized by its content of thymol (approximately 39\%), carvacrol (17\%) and linalool (3.5\%), in the oil, was also found to belong to "thymor-chemotypes, while "RH-2" with carvacrol (40\%) was found to be a carvacrol-chemotype. Though none of the cultivars had the desired levels of linalool content, "Laval-1" and "RH-1" were found to be prospective cultivars for field commercial organic cultivation in Canada. {\textcopyright} 1999 Allured Publishing Corp.},
	keywords = {Carvacrol, Chemotypes, Essential oil composition, Lamiaceae, Organic cultivation, P-cymene, Thyme, Thymol, Thymus vulgaris},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0347421484\&partnerID=40\&rel=R6.5.0},
	author = {Letchamo, W and Gosselin, A and Hoelzl, J and Marquard, R}
}
@article {1837,
	title = {Essential oil composition of three cultivated Thymus chemotypes from Hungary},
	journal = {Journal of Essential Oil Research},
	volume = {18},
	year = {2006},
	month = {2006///},
	pages = {315 - 317},
	address = {Affiliation: Department of Botany, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 6, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; Affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Üllõi út 26, 1085 Budapest, Hunga},
	abstract = {The essential oils of three Hungarian cultivated thymes (Thymus vulgarts L., Thymus {\texttimes} citriodorus (Pers.) Schreb, Thymus {\texttimes} citriodorus "archer{\textquoteright}s gold") were obtained by steam distillation of air-dried plant materials and analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Three different chemotypes were found. In the oil of T. vulgarts thymol (45.6\%), in T. {\texttimes} citriodorus geraniol (39.2\%) and in T. {\texttimes} citriodorus, "archer{\textquoteright}s gold," carvacrol (43.5\%) was the main component. Among the other constituents, p-cymene, β-caryophyllene, geranial, 1,8-cineole and γ-terpinene were characterized. {\textcopyright} 2006 Allured Publishing Corp.},
	keywords = {Carvacrol, Essential oil composition, Geraniol, Lamiaceae, Thymol, Thymus {\texttimes} citriodorus, Thymus {\texttimes} citriodorus "archer{\textquoteright}s gold,", Thymus vulgaris},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-33646738727\&partnerID=40\&rel=R6.5.0},
	author = {Horváth, G and Szabó, L G and Héthelyi, É and Lemberkovics, É}
}
