@article {1996,
	title = {Chemical composition and fungicidal activity of commercial essential oils of Thymus vulgaris L},
	journal = {Journal of Essential Oil Research},
	volume = {16},
	year = {2004},
	note = {From Duplicate 1 (                           Chemical composition and fungicidal activity of commercial essential oils of Thymus vulgaris L                         - Zambonelli, A; D{\textquoteright}Aulerio, A Z; Severi, A; Benvenuti, S; Maggi, L; Bianchi, A )                
},
	month = {2004///},
	pages = {69 - 74},
	address = {Affiliation: DPVA, Via Filippo Re 8, 40126 Bologna, Italy; Affiliation: DMPOB, Viale Caduti in Guerra, 127, 41100 Modena, Italy; Affiliation: Dipto. di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Via Campi 183, 41100 Modena, Italy; Affiliation: Ist. Biologia Evolutiva Funzion},
	abstract = {<p>The antifungal activity of commercial Thymus vulgaris oils on the development of mycelium of the phytopathogenic fungi Fusarium solani (Mart.) Sacc., Rhizoctonia solani Kühn and Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (Sacc. et Magn.) Briosi et Cav. was studied. The gas chromatography data showed that the essential oils were rich in thymol (22-38\%) and its biogenetic precursors \&gamma;-terpinene and p-cymene. The carvacrol content was relatively low in all the oils tested, ranging between 1\% and 2\%. The fungicidal activity of the oils was correlated with their thymol content. The principal chemical components of thyme oils were then tested using the same concentrations as in the thyme oils. Only the fungicidal activity of thymol was high and close to that of the oils with the same thymol content. The effects of the thyme oils and thymol on the hyphae cytomorphology of the studied fungi was an increased vacuolization of the cytoplasm and accumulation of lipid bodies, undulations of the plasmalemma, and alterations of the mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum.</p>
},
	keywords = {Antifungal activity, Essential oil composition, Labiatae, Thymol, Thymus vulgaris, Ultrastructure},
	doi = {10.1080/10412905.2004.9698653},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-1242310478\&partnerID=40\&rel=R6.5.0},
	author = {Zambonelli, A and D{\textquoteright}Aulerio, A Z and Severi, A and Benvenuti, S and Maggi, L and Bianchi, A}
}
@article {1945,
	title = {Composition and functional properties of the essential oil of Amazonian basil, Ocimum micranthum Willd., Labiatae in comparison with commercial essential oils},
	journal = {Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry},
	volume = {52},
	year = {2004},
	note = {From Duplicate 2 (                           Composition and functional properties of the essential oil of Amazonian basil, Ocimum micranthum Willd., Labiatae in comparison with commercial essential oils                         - Sacchetti, G; Medici, A; Maietti, S; Radice, M; Muzzoli, M V; Manfredini, S; Braccioli, E; Bruni, R )                
Cited By (since 1996): 14
        
},
	month = {2004/06//},
	pages = {3486 - 3491},
	address = {Affiliation: Dipto. delle Risorse Nat. e Cultur., Universita degli Studi di Ferrara, C.so Porta Mare 2, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy; Affiliation: Fundacion Chankuap, Macas, Ecuador; Affiliation: Dipto. di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Ferrara, via Fos},
	abstract = {Wild Amazonian basil Ocimum micranthum Willd. (O. campechianum Mill.) Labiatae essential oil was analyzed by GC and GC-MS: 31 compounds were identified. The main components were eugenol (46.55 {\textpm} 5.11\%), β-caryophyllene (11.94 {\textpm} 1.31\%), β-elemene (9.06 {\textpm} 0.99\%), while a small amount of linalool (1.49 {\textpm} 0.16\%) was detected. The oil was tested for its in vitro food-related biological activities and compared with common basil Ocimum basilicum and Thymus vulgaris commercial essential oils. Radical scavenging activity was evaluated employing 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. The oil exerted a good capacity to act as a nonspecific donor of hydrogen atoms or electrons when checked in the diphenylpicrylhydrazyl assay, quenching 76,61 {\textpm} 0.33\% of the radical, with values higher than those reported by reference oils. In the β-carotene bleaching test, the oil provided an antioxidant efficacy comparable with that of O. basilicum and T. vulgaris essential oils. These data were confirmed by photochemiluminescence, where the oil showed a remarkable antioxidant capacity (2.39 {\textpm} 0.1), comparable to that of Trolox and vitamin E, and higher than the other essential oils. Antibacterial activity of O. micranthum essential oil was evaluated against Gram positive and Gram negative bacterial strains. The oil showed a dose-dependent antifungal activity against pathogenic and food spoiling yeasts.},
	keywords = {Antibacterial activity, Antifungal activity, Antioxidant activity, Essential oil, Eugenol, Ocimum micranthum, β-caryophyllene, β-elemene},
	isbn = {0021-8561},
	url = {http://muse.lib.auth.gr:9797/com/csa/?MuseHost=www-mi2.csa.com\&MuseFirst=1\&id=2\&recnum=4\&SID=54cb5ee3ad7ac982e501634b8323fbe4\&MusePath=/ids70/view_record.phphttp://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-2542456938\&partnerID=40\&rel=R6.5.0},
	author = {Sacchetti, G and Medici, A and Maietti, S and Radice, N and Muzzoli, M V and Manfredini, S and Braccioli, E and Bruni, R and Radice, M}
}
@article {1796,
	title = {Chemical Analysis and Antifungal Activity of Thymus striatus},
	journal = {Phytotherapy Research},
	volume = {18},
	year = {2004},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996): 12},
	month = {2004///},
	pages = {40 - 42},
	address = {Affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Dept. Pharmacog./Chem. Nat. Prod., University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece; Affiliation: DSP Chromatography, Bulevar AVNOJ-a44a, 11070 Belgrade, Yugoslavia; Affiliation: Department of Plant Physiology, Inst. Biol. Res.},
	abstract = {The essential oil composition from Thymus striatus collected from Mountain Orjen (Montenegro) has been investigated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Thymol, γ-terpinene and p-cymene were found to be the major components. Furthermore, the oil and its major component, thymol, were analysed for potential antifungal activity against plant, animal and human pathogenic fungi from different genera by a macrodilution test. The oil exhibited a strong inhibitory effect against all fungi investigated. Copyright {\textcopyright} 2004 John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd.},
	keywords = {Antifungal activity, Essential oil, P-cymene, Thymol, Thymus striatus, α-terpinene},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0842334482\&partnerID=40\&md5=8dcda467778b72c2ffbbb0b6972d9b75},
	author = {Couladis, M and Tzakou, O and Kujundzic, S and Sokovic, M and Mimica-Dukic, N}
}
@article {1769,
	title = {Chemical composition and antifungal activity of essential oils of seven Moroccan Labiatae against Botrytis cinerea Pers: Fr.},
	journal = {Journal of Ethnopharmacology},
	volume = {89},
	year = {2003},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996): 6},
	month = {2003///},
	pages = {165 - 169},
	address = {Affiliation: UFR, Substances Naturelles, Rabat Instituts, B.P. 6388, Rabat, Morocco; Affiliation: Laboratoire de Mycologie, Dépt. de Protect. des Plantes, IAV Hassan II Complexe, Agadir, Morocco; Affiliation: Lab. Symbiotes Racinaire/Biochim. V., Facult},
	abstract = {Essential oils of seven Moroccan Labiatae were chemically analysed by GC-MS and evaluated for their in vitro antifungal activity against Botrytis cinerea. Among them, Origanum compactum and Thymus glandulosus greatly inhibited the growth of the mycelium. The inhibition of Botrytis cinerea was 100\% for both oils at 100ppm, while the IC50s were 35.1 and 79.2ppm, respectively. Mentha pulegium exhibited moderate activity at 250ppm since the inhibition of the mycelial growth was 58.5\% and the IC50 was 233.5ppm. The main constituents of the studied oils were also examined. Thymol and carvacrol that are the two main constituents of Thymus glandulosus and Origanum compactum exhibited the strongest antifungal activity with 100\% of inhibition at 100ppm, respectively. {\textcopyright} 2003 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {Antifungal activity, Botrytis cinerea, GC-MS, Moroccan Labiatae},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0141569085\&partnerID=40\&rel=R6.5.0},
	author = {Bouchra, C and Achouri, M and Hassani, L M I and Hmamouchi, M}
}
@article {1755,
	title = {Antimicrobial activity and chemical composition of essential oils from Sicilian aromatic plants},
	journal = {Flavour and Fragrance Journal},
	volume = {8},
	year = {1993},
	note = {From Duplicate 2 (                           Antimicrobial activity and chemical composition of essential oils from Sicilian aromatic plants                         - Biondi, D; Cianci, P; Geraci, C; Ruberto, G; Piattelli, M )                
Cited By (since 1996): 44
        
      
},
	month = {1993///},
	pages = {331 - 337},
	address = {Affiliation: Ist CNR per lo Studio delle Sostanze, Naturali di Interesse Alimentare e, Chimico-Farmaceutico, Viadel Santuario 110, I-95028 Valverde, Italy},
	abstract = {The essential oils from four Lamiaceae (Labiatae), Origanum onites L., Thymus capitatus Hoffmanns. et Link, commercial oregano and sage, and a Lauracea, Laurus nobilis L., have been characterized and tested against eight bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Hafnia alvei, Micrococcus luteus, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Steptococcus faecalis), and five fungi (Aspergillus niger, A. terreus, two strains of Candida albicans, Fusarium sp.). The highest and broadest activity, both antibacterial and antifungal, was shown by the oils of O. onites, T. capitatus and commercial oregano, in that order, while oils from commercial sage and L. nobilis were almost inactive. Bactericidal and bacteriostatic properties of the five essential oils are also discussed.},
	keywords = {Antibacterial activity, Antifungal activity, Bactericidal activity, Bacteriostatic activity, Essential oil composition, GC-MS, Lamiaceae (Labiatae), Lauraceae, Laurus nobilis L, Oregano, Origanum onites L, Phenols, Sage, Thymus capitatus Hoffmanns et Link},
	isbn = {0882-5734},
	url = {http://muse.lib.auth.gr:9797/com/csa/?MuseHost=www-mi2.csa.com\&MuseFirst=1\&id=2\&recnum=1\&SID=147874bda29087943ea1dc03733c75de\&MusePath=/ids70/view_record.phphttp://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0027765749\&partnerID=40\&rel=R6.5.0},
	author = {Biondi, D and Cianci, P and Geraci, C and Ruberto, G* and Piattelli, M}
}
