02067nas a2200157   4500008004100000020001400041245015900055210006900214260001200283300001400295490001100309520140000320100001301720700001401733856016201747       2000                        eng d  a0021-856100aAzo dye-mediated regulation of total phenolics and peroxidase activity in thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) and rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) clonal lines0 aAzo dyemediated regulation of total phenolics and peroxidase act  c2000///  a932 - 9370 v48; 483 aThyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) and rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) clonal lines, which were previously isolated from a heterogeneous seed population by plant tissue culture techniques, have been targeted as potential plants for phytoremediation of organic pollutants such as azo dyes and related aromatic compounds. Three thyme clonal lines and three rosemary clonal lines were tested for the ability to grow on hormone-free medium containing 0.01% of azo dye Poly S-119. The results showed that dye tolerance was associated with reduced phenolics and enhanced peroxidase activity in these clonal lines. There was a clear inverse correlation between total phenolics and peroxidase activity in these plants in response to Poly S-119. The tolerance of these clonal lines showed variations at different growing stages. These observations suggested that the peroxidase activity was inducible. Because peroxidases are involved in lignification, wound healing, aromatic compound degradation, pathogen defense, and stiffening, the results suggest that azo dye stimulated the defense response of thyme and rosemary clonal plants by increasing the peroxidase activity. Stereomicroscopic observations revealed that the azo dye was sequestered within the growing axis of the plant roots, which may also enhance the polymerization of azo dye onto the cell wall with the help of enhanced peroxidase activity1 aZheng, Z1 aShetty, K  uhttp://muse.lib.auth.gr:9797/com/csa/?MuseHost=www-mi2.csa.com&MuseFirst=1&id=2&recnum=8&SID=b8599c660c0d7abb640bacacd8dd54da&MusePath=/ids70/view_record.php02548nas a2200145   4500008004100000245011600041210006900157260001400226300001600240490000700256520197400263100001902237700001502256856013102271       2000                        eng d00aExploring the genetic basis and proximate causes of female fertility advantage in gynodioecious Thymus vulgaris0 aExploring the genetic basis and proximate causes of female ferti  c2000/10//  a1510 - 15200 v543 aIn many gynodioecous species, females produce more viable seeds than hermaphrodites. Knowledge of the relative contribution of inbreeding depression in hermaphrodites and maternal sex effects to the female fertility advantage and the genetic basis of variation in female fertility advantage is central to our understanding of the evolution of gender specialization. In this study we examine the relative contribution of inbreeding and maternal sex to the female fertility advantage in gynodioecious Thymus vulgaris and quantify whether there is genetically based variation in female fertility advantage for plants from four populations. Following controlled self and outcross (sib, within population, and between-population) pollination, females had a more than twofold fertility advantage (based on the number of germinating seeds per fruit), regardless of the population of origin and the type of pollination. Inbreeding depression on viable seed production by hermaphrodites occurred in two populations, where inbreeding had been previously detected. Biparental inbreeding depression on viable seed production occurred in three of four populations for females, but in only one population for hermaphrodites. Whereas the maternal sex effect may consistently enhance female fertility advantage, inbreeding effects may be limited to particular population contexts where inbreeding may occur. A significant family X maternal sex interaction effect on viable seed production was observed, illustrating that the extent of female fertility advantage varies significantly among families. This result is due to greater variation in hermaphrodite (relative to female) seed fertility between families. Despite this genetic variation in female fertility advantage and the highly female biased sex ratios in populations of T. vulgaris, gynodioecy is a stable polymorphism, suggesting that strong genetic and/or ecological constraints influence the stability of this polymorphism.1 aThompson, J, D1 aTarayre, M  uhttps://thymus.myspecies.info/ref/exploring-genetic-basis-and-proximate-causes-female-fertility-advantage-gynodioecious-thymus01934nas a2200253   4500008004100000245009800041210006900139260018700208300001200395490000600407520100400413653002501417653001601442653001201458653001501470653001201485653001301497653001401510653001001524653001901534100001601553700001401569856009701583       2000                        eng d00aUltra-high carbon dioxide levels enhances in vitro shoot growth and morphogenesis in labiatae0 aUltrahigh carbon dioxide levels enhances in vitro shoot growth a  aAffiliation: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Natl. Ctr. for Agricul. Util. Res., 1815 North University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, United Statesc2000///  a43 - 550 v73 aThe growth and morphogenetic development in shoot cultures of lemon basil (Ocimum basilicum), oregano (Origanum vulgare), peppermint (Mentha x piperita), spearmint (Mentha spicata), and thyme (Thymus vulgaris) shoots on MS salts and 0.8 percent agar containing 0 or 3 percent sucrose were determined under 350, 1,500, 3,000, 10,000, and 30,000 μl CO2/liter of air were determined after 8 weeks growth. High CO2 levels, especially the ultra-high levels (≥ 3,000 μl CO2/liter of air), substantially increased fresh weight and leaf and root numbers in all cultures, whether or not the basal media contained sucrose, as compared with cultures grown on the same basal media under ambient air (350 μl CO2/liter of air). Ultra-high CO2 levels, also, enhanced the formation of aerial adventitious roots from the shoots of all species tested. A photosynthetic photon flux density of 180 μmole. m-2 s-1 using a 16 h light/8 h dark photoperiod consistently provided better growth than lower light levels.10aAdventitious rooting10aLemon basil10aOregano10aPeppermint10aRooting10aShooting10aSpearmint10aThyme10aTissue culture1 aTisserat, B1 aSilman, R  uhttp://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0033646334&partnerID=40&rel=R6.5.001055nas a2200145   4500008004100000245007700041210006900118260001200187300001400199490000700213520055000220100001400770700002000784856010500804       2000                        eng d00aEssential oil composition of some plants cultivated in mongolian climate0 aEssential oil composition of some plants cultivated in mongolian  c2000///  a745 - 7500 v123 aThe oils of Mentha piperata L., Coriandrum sativum, Anethum graveolens L., Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Nym. ex A.W. Hill, Foeniculum vulgare Mill. ssp. capillaceum Gilib. var. dulce Mill., Satureja hortensis L., Thymus vulgaris L., Ocimum basilicum L., Dracocephalum moldavica L., Laurus nobilis L. and Carum carvi L., which were produced from plants grown in Mongolia between 1989-1993 were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Although the expected major components were found in each of the oils, their amounts varied from their commercial equivalents.1 aShatar, S1 aAltantsetseg, S  uhttps://thymus.myspecies.info/ref/essential-oil-composition-some-plants-cultivated-mongolian-climate02432nas a2200277   4500008004100000245008900041210006900130260027100199300001400470490000700484520128500491653001901776653001101795653003001806653001401836653002401850653002001874100002901894700001701923700002001940700002701960700001801987700003402005700001802039856009702057       2000                        eng d00aEssential oil composition and variability of Thymus lotocephalus and Thymus x mourae0 aEssential oil composition and variability of Thymus lotocephalus  aAffiliation: Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Faculdade Farmacia, Univ. C., Coimbra, Portugal; Affiliation: Unitat de Farmacol. I Farmacog., Facultat Farmacia, Univ. B., Barcelona, Spain; Affiliation: Departament de Quimiometria, Inst. Quimic de Sarria, E-c2000/06//  a457 - 4700 v283 aThe composition of the essential oils of four populations of Thymus lotocephalus G. Lopez and R. Morales and one population of T. x mourae Paiva and Salgueiro, two endemic taxa from Portugal, was investigated mainly by GC and GC-MS. T x mourae is a natural hybrid between T. lotocephalus and T. mastichina (L.) L. subsp, donyanae R. Morales, which essential oil was analysed for the first time. In its oil, it was possible to find compounds of both parents, which could enable us to confirm its intermediate status between those two taxa. 1,8-Cineole and borneol were the main constituents in the essential oil of T. x mourae, whereas linalool, geranyl acetate and 1,8- cineol were the major ones in T. lotocephalus. Intermedeol was also an important constituent in the oils of both taxa. Nevertheless, the volatile oils of the four populations investigated of T. lotocephalus showed important differences among the main constituents. In order to study their infraspecific variability, the results obtained in the analysis of individual plants were submitted to a Principal Component and Chemometric Cluster Analyses. Five types of essential oils were found: linalool, 1,8-cineole, linalool/1,8-cineole, linalyl acetate/linalool and geranyl acetate. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd.10aEssential oils10aGC- MS10aInfraspecific variability10aLamiaceae10aThymus lotocephalus10aThymus x mourae1 aSalgueiroa, Lı́gia, R.1 aVilab, Roser1 aTomàsc, Xavier1 aCañigueralb, Salvador1 aPaivad, Jorge1 ada Cunhaa, António, Proença1 aAdzet, Tomàs  uhttp://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0034101406&partnerID=40&rel=R6.5.001418nas a2200133   4500008004100000245004800041210004800089260015700137300001400294490000700308520085600315100001601171856009701187       2000                        eng d00aPhenolic antioxidants from herbs and spices0 aPhenolic antioxidants from herbs and spices  aAffiliation: Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Life Science, Osaka City University, Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi, Osaka 558-8585, Japanc2000///  a141 - 1460 v133 aSpices and herbs are recognized as sources of natural antioxidants and thus play an important role in the chemoprevention of diseases resulting from lipid peroxidation. Our studies on spices and herbs have given us over a hundred compounds, known and new, having high antioxidant activity. From the Labiatae family, Rosmarinus officinalis, Thymus vulgaris, Origanum vulgare and O. majorana gave 26 active compounds. Over 40 antioxidative compounds from Zingiber officinale, 26 compounds from Curcuma domestica = C. longa, C. xanthorrhiza and Z. cassumunar were determined, these belonging to the family Zingiberaceae. From the family Myrtaceae, 25 compounds from the berries of Pimenta dioica, were determined and 3 carbazoles were isolated from Murraya koenigii. Structure-activity relationships of some of the isolated compounds were also discussed.1 aNakatani, N  uhttp://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0034490947&partnerID=40&rel=R6.5.001205nas a2200145   4500008004100000245008400041210006900125260001400194300001400208490000700222520068600229100001900915700001600934856010900950       2000                        eng d00aAntimicrobial agents from plants: antibacterial activity of plant volatile oils0 aAntimicrobial agents from plants antibacterial activity of plant  c2000/02//  a308 - 3160 v883 aThe volatile oils of black pepper [Piper nigrum L. (Piperaceae)], clove [Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & Perry (Myrtaceae)], geranium [Pelargonium graveolens L'Herit (Geraniaceae)], nutmeg [Myristica fragrans Houtt. (Myristicaceae), oregano [Origanum vulgare ssp. hirtum (Link) Letsw. (Lamiaceae)] and thyme [Thymus vulgaris L. (Lamiaceae)] were assessed for antibacterial activity against 25 different genera of bacteria. These included animal and plant pathogens, food poisoning and spoilage bacteria. The volatile oils exhibited considerable inhibitory effects against all the organisms under test while their major components demonstrated various degrees of growth inhibition.1 aDorman, H, J D1 aDeans, S, G  uhttps://thymus.myspecies.info/ref/antimicrobial-agents-plants-antibacterial-activity-plant-volatile-oils01578nas a2200265   4500008004100000245012000041210006900161260023000230300001400460490000700474520049500481653002500976653003001001653001401031653001601045653002401061653002001085653002701105100001401132700001201146700001501158700002201173700001901195856009801214       2000                        eng d00aClonal selection of sabinene hydrate-rich thyme (Thymus vulgaris). Yield and chemical composition of essential oils0 aClonal selection of sabinene hydraterich thyme Thymus vulgaris Y  aAffiliation: Chambre d'Agric. de la Drôme, avenue de la Gare, 26110 Nyons, France; Affiliation: Chimie des Huiles Essentielles, Univ. Blaise Pascal de Clermont, Campus des Cézeaux, 63177 Aubière Cédex, Francec2000///  a387 - 3910 v123 aAn inventory of naturally occurring sabinene hydrate (4-thujanol)-rich thyme populations singled out 16 individuals of potential commercial importance. After multiplication by microcuttings and grown in a nursery, we now possess a collection that yields an oil particularly rich in sabinene hydrate (up to 62%). The other constituents commonly found in thyme, 1,8-cineole, linalool, terpinen-4-ol, a-terpineol, geraniol, thymol and carvacrol are present only in small amounts, (trace-5.0%).10aCis-sabinene hydrate10aEssential oil composition10aLamiaceae10aMyrcen-8-ol10aMyrcen-8-yl acetate10aThymus vulgaris10aTrans-sabinene hydrate1 aDelpit, B1 aLamy, J1 aRolland, F1 aChalchat, J, C -C1 aGarry, R, P -P  uhttp://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-15944369702&partnerID=40&rel=R6.5.002509nas a2200253   4500008004100000245016400041210006900205260010600274300001000380490000700390520152100397653000901918653001801927653001401945653001401959653005301973653002502026653001602051653002902067100002402096700001802120700002002138856009702158       2000                        eng d00aMultivariate statistical analysis of the essential oil composition of Thymus praecox Opiz ssp polytrichus (Kern. ex Borb,) Ronn. collected in the Tyrolean Alps0 aMultivariate statistical analysis of the essential oil compositi  aAffiliation: Lehrst. Pharmazeut. Biol. der Univ., Bundesstrasse 43, D-20146 Hamburg, Germanyc2000///  a1 - 60 v153 aThe essential oils of 141 individual plants of Thymus praecox Opiz ssp. polytrichus (Kern. ex Borb.) Ronn., emend. Jalas, collected at 16 localities in the Austrian and Italian Alps (Tyrol and South Tyrol), were investigated concerning their composition and the variations therein. In total, 60 components, almost exclusively monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, were identified by GC and GC-MS. The patterns of the oils were processed by means of multivariate statistical analysis (MSA) including factor analysis (FA), cluster analysis (CA) and discriminant analysis (DA). The most plausible result, revealing 12 clusters, was obtained by a modified CA method based on the average linkage method with the Pearson correlation. Considering all other statistical results obtained, 12 oil types became evident with the following type-characterising compounds: thymol, geraniol/geranyl acetate, trans-sabinene hydrate/terpinen-4-ol, α-terpineol, linalol, linalol/linalyl acetate, borneol, trans-nerolidol, hedycaryol, T-cadinol, germacra-1(10),5-dien-4-ol, and germacra-1(10),4-dien-6-ol. All these oil types have been found before in other Thymus species. The thymol type, found for 46 samples, represented the most dominant oil type. The chemical similarity with Mediterranean and North Atlantic Thymus species indicates a mixing of southern and northern elements in the Alps, which is also reflected in the overlapping morphological characters of T. praecox ssp. polytrichus. Copyright (C) 2000 John Wiley and Sons, Ltd.10aAlps10aEssential oil10aLamiaceae10aOil types10aPolytrichus (Kern. ex. Borb.) Ronn. emend. Jalas10aStatistical analysis10aThymol type10aThymus praecox Opiz ssp.1 aBischof-Deichnik, C1 aHoltuijzen, J1 aStahl-Biskup, E  uhttp://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0034062952&partnerID=40&rel=R6.5.001616nas a2200277   4500008004100000245006600041210006600107260020700173300001400380490000700394520059800401653001400999653001801013653001401031653001301045653001101058653003101069653004001100653001701140100001301157700002001170700001801190700001701208700001601225856009701241       2000                        eng d00aVolatile oil constituents of two Thymus species from Ethiopia0 aVolatile oil constituents of two Thymus species from Ethiopia  aAffiliation: School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, PO Box 1068, Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway; Affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, PO Box 1033, Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norwayc2000///  a123 - 1250 v153 aThe volatile oils from Thymus schimperi Ronninger and T. serrulatus Hochst. ex Benth. (Lamiaceae) grown in Ethiopia, have been examined by means of GC and GC-MS. The main constituents of the essential oils of T. schimperi from four regions - Bale, Gender, Shewa, and Wello - were identified as p-cymene (9-23%), γ-terpinene (8-17%), thymol (6-38%) and carvacrol (5-63%). The oil from T. serrulatus was found to contain p-cymene (13%), γ-terpinene (13%) and thymol (49%) as major components. Both species belong to the thymol-carvacrol chemotypes. Copyright (C) 2000 John Wiley and Sons, Ltd.10aCarvacrol10aEssential oil10aLamiaceae10aP-cymene10aThymol10aThymus schimperi Ronninger10aThymus serrulatus Hochst. ex Benth.10aγ-terpinene1 aAsfaw, N1 aStoresund, H, J1 aSkattebøl, L1 aTønnesen, F1 aAasen, A, J  uhttp://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0034023191&partnerID=40&rel=R6.5.001728nas a2200145   4500008004100000020001400041245014700055210006900202260013500271300001400406490001100420520087400431100002301305856025401328       2000                        eng d  a1344-630400aInhibition of Aeromonas caviae and A. sobria by sodium chloride, citric acid, ascorbic acid, potassium sorbate and extracts of Thymus vulgaris0 aInhibition of Aeromonas caviae and A sobria by sodium chloride c  aAffiliation: Department of Biology, Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan; Affiliation: P.O.Box 926966, Amman 11110, Jordanc2000///  a111 - 1150 v53; 533 aThe respective and combined effects of sodium chloride, ascorbic acid, citric acid, potassium sorbate, and Thymus vulgaris extract on the growth of Aeromonas caviae and Aeromonas sobria were investigated. Sodium chloride (3%) significantly reduced the growth and 4% NaCl inhibited growth of the tested strains. Ascorbic acid (0. 1%), potassium sorbate (0.05%), and citric acid (0.03%) slightly inhibited growth. T. vulgaris extract (0.3%) greatly reduced the growth. Various combinations of these compounds prevented growth of the tested strains. A combination of NaCl (3%) and ascorbic acid (0. 1%), citric acid (0.03%) and potassium sorbate (0.05%), or citric acid (0.03%) and ascorbic acid (0.1%) inhibited growth of A. caviae and A. sobria. In fish homogenates, the addition of ascorbic acid (0. 1%) and citric acid (0.03%) was the most effective combination tested1 aAbu-Ghazaleh, B, M  uhttp://muse.lib.auth.gr:9797/com/csa/?MuseHost=www-mi2.csa.com&MuseFirst=1&id=2&recnum=7&SID=b8599c660c0d7abb640bacacd8dd54da&MusePath=/ids70/view_record.phphttp://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0033794955&partnerID=40&rel=R6.5.0