02812nas a2200265   4500008004100000245008600041210006900127260026900196300001400465490000700479520172900486653001902215653001902234653001802253653002202271653001802293653002602311100001502337700002502352700001602377700001802393700001902411700001802430856009802448       2007                        eng d00aThymus piperella (L.) essential oil: An alternative in the treatment of diarrhoea0 aThymus piperella L essential oil An alternative in the treatment  aAffiliation: Department of Physiology, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardenal Herrera University, Av. Seminario s/n, 46113 Moncada, Valencia, Spain; Affiliation: Department of Sanitation Attention, Public and Animal Health, Cardenal Herrera University, Av.c2007///  a201 - 2050 v223 aThymus piperella (L.) (family Labiatae) is an endemic taxon found in eastern Spain. The aerial part of T. piperella is principally used for culinary purposes, to flavour stuffings, sauces, pickles, stews, soups, etc. Moreover, it has traditionally been used to conserve and soften olives, and in the distillation of an alcoholic beverage named 'herbero', which is typical in the south of Valencia and north of Alicante, and whose digestive properties are well documented. Despite it being a popular plant in this region, to date T. piperella (L.) has not been pharmacologically described. Pharmacological assays have been carried out on the essential oil of Thymus piperella (L.) leaves. The oil was shown to be innocuous according to the acute oral toxicity test and exhibited antispasmodic action that significantly inhibited the contractions induced by acetylcholine in the isolated rat ileum in a concentration-dependent manner. Essential oil from Thymus piperella (L.) leaves was active against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans, Streptococcus pyogenes and Mycobacterium phlei. Such antimicrobial activity would explain the popular use of this plant in the conservation of olives. Moreover, as the inhibition of contractile overactivity of the ileum (antispasmodic action) is the basis of the treatment of some gastrointestinal disorders, such as diarrhoea, and as many diarrhoea-causing diseases are associated with intestinal infection, Thymus piperella essential oil could constitute an alternative therapy in such cases. In this way, this species, so commonly used in the Mediterranean kitchen, may be beneficial to the health in more ways than one. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.10aAnti-microbial10aAnti-spasmodic10aEssential oil10aIn vitro activity10aSmooth muscle10aThymus piperella (L.)1 aMartí, D1 aPérez-Gracia, M, T1 aBlanquer, A1 aVillagrasa, V1 aSanahuja, M, A1 aMorenoRoyo, L  uhttp://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-34249001622&partnerID=40&rel=R6.5.002199nas a2200145   4500008004100000245009600041210006900137260001200206300001400218490000700232520166700239100001401906700001501920856011801935       2007                        eng d00aVolatile components of Thymus vulgaris L. from wild-growing and cultivated plants in Jordan0 aVolatile components of Thymus vulgaris L from wildgrowing and cu  c2007///  a322 - 3270 v223 aThe composition of the essential oil hydrodistilled from the aerial parts of Thymus vulgaris L. grown in Jordan has been determined by GC and GC-MS. Variations in oil composition and yield between cultivated and wild-growing plants collected from different localities, at different altitudes, have been also evaluated. Higher oil yields were observed in plants growing wild (3.7-5.6% of dried material) than in cultivated plants (1.1-2.0%), and those collected from the Mshaqar region, in the middle of Jordan and at the highest altitude, were the richest in oil (similar to 5.4%). Generally, the oil was characterized by marked levels of phenolic monoterpenoids (mainly thymol and carvacrol) in the range 70.8-89.0%. High levels of the monoterpenoid hydrocarbons p-cymene (3.4-8.2%) and gamma-terpinene (1.6-7.7%) were also observed. Other major components were 1,8-cineole (up to 2.1%), alpha-thujone (up to 1.2%), camphor (up to 1.1%) and fl-caryophyllene (0.2-2.8%). With the exception of plants growing wild in the Ramtha region, in the far north of Jordan, carvacrol was found as the principal phenol of all other oils (50.6-86.1%) and was dominant (>85%) in wild plant oils. The oil from Ramtha was characterized by the highest level of thymol (similar to 63.8%) as the dominant phenol and was most abundant in p-eymene (8.2%), 1,8-cineole (2.1%) and gamma-terpinene (7.7%). In addition to assigning carvacrol or thymol chemotypes to the plant, the high content of active monoterpenoid phenols strongly suggests a potential use of Jordanian thyme oil in cough products and antimicrobial-herbal drug combinations. Copyright (C) 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.1 aHudaib, M1 aAburjai, T  uhttps://thymus.myspecies.info/ref/volatile-components-thymus-vulgaris-l-wild-growing-and-cultivated-plants-jordan