02155nas a2200265   4500008004100000245009900041210006900140260026900209300001200478490000700490520108100497653002401578653003001602653001301632653001101645653002001656653001901676100001801695700002001713700001401733700001701747700001301764700001501777856009701792       2004                        eng d00aChemical composition and fungicidal activity of commercial essential oils of Thymus vulgaris L0 aChemical composition and fungicidal activity of commercial essen  aAffiliation: DPVA, Via Filippo Re 8, 40126 Bologna, Italy; Affiliation: DMPOB, Viale Caduti in Guerra, 127, 41100 Modena, Italy; Affiliation: Dipto. di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Via Campi 183, 41100 Modena, Italy; Affiliation: Ist. Biologia Evolutiva Funzionc2004///  a69 - 740 v163 a<p>The antifungal activity of commercial Thymus vulgaris oils on the development of mycelium of the phytopathogenic fungi Fusarium solani (Mart.) Sacc., Rhizoctonia solani Kühn and Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (Sacc. et Magn.) Briosi et Cav. was studied. The gas chromatography data showed that the essential oils were rich in thymol (22-38%) and its biogenetic precursors &gamma;-terpinene and p-cymene. The carvacrol content was relatively low in all the oils tested, ranging between 1% and 2%. The fungicidal activity of the oils was correlated with their thymol content. The principal chemical components of thyme oils were then tested using the same concentrations as in the thyme oils. Only the fungicidal activity of thymol was high and close to that of the oils with the same thymol content. The effects of the thyme oils and thymol on the hyphae cytomorphology of the studied fungi was an increased vacuolization of the cytoplasm and accumulation of lipid bodies, undulations of the plasmalemma, and alterations of the mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum.</p>
10aAntifungal activity10aEssential oil composition10aLabiatae10aThymol10aThymus vulgaris10aUltrastructure1 aZambonelli, A1 aD'Aulerio, A, Z1 aSeveri, A1 aBenvenuti, S1 aMaggi, L1 aBianchi, A  uhttp://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-1242310478&partnerID=40&rel=R6.5.001143nas a2200313   4500008004100000245026000041210006900301260001200370300001600382490000700398653004100405653001400446653001300460653002400473653001800497653000900515653001800524653001700542653001100559653001100570653002100581653001900602653001100621100001400632700002300646700002000669700001800689856012200707       2004                        eng d00aSALVIA ( LAMIACEAE ) IS NOT MONOPHYLETIC : IMPLICATIONS FOR THE SYSTEMATICS , RADIATION , AND ECOLOGICAL SPECIALIZATIONS OF SALVIA AND TRIBE MENTHEAEI The genus Salvia ( tribe Mentheae , Lamiaceae ) represents an enormous and cosmopolitan assemblage of ne0 aSALVIA LAMIACEAE IS NOT MONOPHYLETIC IMPLICATIONS FOR THE SYSTEM  c2004///  a1115 - 11250 v9110aenormous and cosmopolitan assemblage10aLamiaceae10amentheae10aof nearly 1000 spe-10aphylogenetics10arbcl10arepresents an10arosmiarinmis10asalvia10astamen10athe genus salvia10atribe mentheae10atrnl-f1 aWalker, B1 aSytsma, Kenneth, J1 aTreutlein, Jens1 aWink, Michael  uhttps://thymus.myspecies.info/ref/salvia-lamiaceae-not-monophyletic-implications-systematics-radiation-and-ecological00971nas a2200169   4500008004100000245007300041210006900114260001200183300001400195490000800209520026100217100001500478700001500493700001800508700001500526856026000541       2004                        eng d00aA preliminary palynological characterization of Spanish thyme honeys0 apreliminary palynological characterization of Spanish thyme hone  c2004///  a323 - 3300 v1463 aPollen was analysed in 25 thyme honey samples from Spain. The honey samples were provided by professional beekeepers, and pollen was obtained by centrifugation. A minimum of 8% of Thymus sp. pollen is considered sufficient to typify a honey as unifloral wh1 aTerrab, A.1 aPontes, A.1 aHeredia, F.J.1 aDiez, M.J.  uhttp://muse.lib.auth.gr:9797/com/blackwell-synergy/?MuseHost=www.blackwell-synergy.com&MuseFirst=1&prevSearch=allfield:(thymus+AND+(labiatae+OR+lamiaceae))&StartMuseCookie=I2KBRCK=1;+path=/;+SERVER=10.0.20.25:8080;+path=/;+JSESSIONID=gbdwEZ34tGZWt4uGDaLvr01251nas a2200229   4500008004100000245004700041210004200088260019400130300001400324490000700338520042200345653003000767653001400797653001300811653001100824653002100835653001700856100001600873700001400889700002100903856009700924       2004                        eng d00aThe composition of Thymus serpyllum L. Oil0 acomposition of Thymus serpyllum L Oil  aAffiliation: Res. Inst. of Forests and Rangelands, P.O. Box 13185-116, Tehran, Iran; Affiliation: Shahid Beheshti University, Faculty of Science, Chemistry Department, Tehran, Iranc2004///  a184 - 1850 v163 aThe essential oils isolated by steam distillation from the aerial parts of Thymus serpyllum, before flowering and at full flowering stage were analyzed by capillary GC and GC/MS. Among the 34 compounds identified, the major components were γ-terpinene (21.9% and 22.7%), p-cymene (21.1% and 20.7%), thymol (18.7% and 18.7%) and germacrene D (6.0% and 5.1%) before flowering and at full flowering stage, respectively.10aEssential oil composition10aLamiaceae10aP-cymene10aThymol10aThymus serpyllum10aγ-terpinene1 aSefidkon, F1 aDabiri, M1 aMirmostafa, S, A  uhttp://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-2442448614&partnerID=40&rel=R6.5.002218nas a2200217   4500008004100000245016300041210006900204260001400273300001600287490000700303520143500310100001701745700001401762700001501776700001401791700001501805700001801820700001701838700001301855856013201868       2004                        eng d00aComposition and functional properties of the essential oil of Amazonian basil, Ocimum micranthum Willd., Labiatae in comparison with commercial essential oils0 aComposition and functional properties of the essential oil of Am  c2004/06//  a3486 - 34910 v523 aWild Amazonian basil Ocimum micranthum Willd. (O. campechianum, Mill.) Labiatae essential oil was analyzed by GC and GC-MS: 31 compounds were identified. The main components were eugenol (46.55 +/- 5.11 %), beta-caryophyllene (11.94 +/- 1.31 %), and beta-elemene (9.06 +/- 0.99%), while a small amount of linalool (1.49 +/- 0.16%) was detected. The oil was tested for its in vitro food-related biological activities and compared with common basil Ocimum basilicum and Thymus vulgaris commercial essential oils. Radical scavenging activity was evaluated employing 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. The oil exerted a good capacity to act as a nonspecific donor of hydrogen atoms or electrons when checked in the diphenylpicrylhydrazyl assay, quenching 76,61 +/- 0.33% of the radical, with values higher than those reported by reference oils. In the beta-carotene bleaching test, the oil provided an antioxidant efficacy comparable with that of O. basilicum and T. vulgaris essential oils. These data were confirmed by photochemiluminescence, where the oil showed a remarkable antioxidant capacity (2.39 +/- 0.1), comparable to that of Trolox and vitamin E, and higher than the other essential oils. Antibacterial activity of O. micranthum essential oil was evaluated against Gram positive and Gram negative bacterial strains. The oil showed a dose-dependent antifungal activity against pathogenic and food spoiling yeasts.1 aSacchetti, G1 aMedici, A1 aMaietti, S1 aRadice, N1 aMuzzoli, M1 aManfredini, S1 aBraccioli, E1 aBruni, R  uhttps://thymus.myspecies.info/ref/composition-and-functional-properties-essential-oil-amazonian-basil-ocimum-micranthum-willd-002405nas a2200253   4500008004100000245008600041210006900127260015500196300001400351490000700365520146600372653001801838653001501856653001801871653001501889653001401904653002001918653002201938653003501960100001501995700002402010700002002034856009702054       2004                        eng d00aEssential oil polymorphism of Thymus praecox subsp. arcticus on the British Isles0 aEssential oil polymorphism of Thymus praecox subsp arcticus on t  aAffiliation: Abt. Pharmazeut. Biol. Mikrobiol., Institut für Pharmazie, Universität Hamburg, Bundesstrasse 45, D-20146 Hamburg, Germanyc2004/04//  a409 - 4210 v323 aThe essential oils of 732 individual plants of Thymus praecox Opiz subsp. arcticus (E. Durand) Jalas (syn. T. drucei Ronn.) collected in Scotland, Ireland, and in the south of England have been analysed by gas chromatography (GC) and mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in order to elucidate the chemical character of this subspecies on the British Isles. In total, 69 components were identified, most of them monoterpenoids and sesquiterpenoids with hedycaryol, linalyl acetate, linalool, the germacradienols, trans-nerolidol, T-cadinol, and β-caryophyllene being the most important compounds. The analysis of the quantitative essential oil data by means of neural networks revealed that T. praecox subsp. arcticus growing in Britain is highly polymorphous. There were 17 chemotypes with the hedycaryol chemotype as the most frequent (24% of the plants), followed by the linalool/linalyl acetate chemotype (22% of the plants) and germacra-1(10),4-dien-6-ol chemotype (18% of the plants). It seems that each part of the British Isles has its special chemotype pattern with 13 chemotypes in Scotland, 11 in Ireland, and 17 in the south of England. An overview of the North Atlantic region of Europe revealed that the polymorphism of T. praecox subsp. arcticus in the essential oil is more distinctive in the southern than in the northern regions, with only 2, 5, and 1 chemotypes in Greenland, Iceland, and Norway, respectively. © 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.10aBritish Isles10aChemotypes10aEssential oil10aHedycaryol10aLamiaceae10alinalyl acetate10aNeuronal networks10aThymus praecox subsp. arcticus1 aSchmidt, A1 aBischof-Deichnik, C1 aStahl-Biskup, E  uhttp://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-1642372459&partnerID=40&rel=R6.5.002893nas a2200337   4500008004100000020001400041245016300055210006900218260027100287300001600558490000700574520141600581653002701997653002402024653002502048653001802073653001202091653002202103653002102125653001502146100001702161700001402178700001502192700001402207700001802221700001802239700001702257700001302274700001402287856025402301       2004                        eng d  a0021-856100aComposition and functional properties of the essential oil of Amazonian basil, Ocimum micranthum Willd., Labiatae in comparison with commercial essential oils0 aComposition and functional properties of the essential oil of Am  aAffiliation: Dipto. delle Risorse Nat. e Cultur., Universita degli Studi di Ferrara, C.so Porta Mare 2, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy; Affiliation: Fundacion Chankuap, Macas, Ecuador; Affiliation: Dipto. di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Ferrara, via Fosc2004/06//  a3486 - 34910 v523 aWild Amazonian basil Ocimum micranthum Willd. (O. campechianum Mill.) Labiatae essential oil was analyzed by GC and GC-MS: 31 compounds were identified. The main components were eugenol (46.55 ± 5.11%), β-caryophyllene (11.94 ± 1.31%), β-elemene (9.06 ± 0.99%), while a small amount of linalool (1.49 ± 0.16%) was detected. The oil was tested for its in vitro food-related biological activities and compared with common basil Ocimum basilicum and Thymus vulgaris commercial essential oils. Radical scavenging activity was evaluated employing 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. The oil exerted a good capacity to act as a nonspecific donor of hydrogen atoms or electrons when checked in the diphenylpicrylhydrazyl assay, quenching 76,61 ± 0.33% of the radical, with values higher than those reported by reference oils. In the β-carotene bleaching test, the oil provided an antioxidant efficacy comparable with that of O. basilicum and T. vulgaris essential oils. These data were confirmed by photochemiluminescence, where the oil showed a remarkable antioxidant capacity (2.39 ± 0.1), comparable to that of Trolox and vitamin E, and higher than the other essential oils. Antibacterial activity of O. micranthum essential oil was evaluated against Gram positive and Gram negative bacterial strains. The oil showed a dose-dependent antifungal activity against pathogenic and food spoiling yeasts.10aAntibacterial activity10aAntifungal activity10aAntioxidant activity10aEssential oil10aEugenol10aOcimum micranthum10aβ-caryophyllene10aβ-elemene1 aSacchetti, G1 aMedici, A1 aMaietti, S1 aRadice, N1 aMuzzoli, M, V1 aManfredini, S1 aBraccioli, E1 aBruni, R1 aRadice, M  uhttp://muse.lib.auth.gr:9797/com/csa/?MuseHost=www-mi2.csa.com&MuseFirst=1&id=2&recnum=4&SID=54cb5ee3ad7ac982e501634b8323fbe4&MusePath=/ids70/view_record.phphttp://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-2542456938&partnerID=40&rel=R6.5.001403nas a2200145   4500008004100000245012400041210006900165260001200234300001400246490000700260520082400267100001501091700001801106856013301124       2004                        eng d00a1,8-cineole - Caryophyllene oxide chemotype of essential oil of Thymus serpyllum L. growing wild in Vilnius (Lithuania)0 a18cineole Caryophyllene oxide chemotype of essential oil of Thym  c2004///  a236 - 2380 v163 aThe chemical composition of the essential oils of Thymus serpyllum L.ssp. serpyllum var.serpyllum growing wild in Vilnius (East Lithuania) has been studied. The samples collected at full flowering were analyzed by GC and GC/ MS. Thirty-six identified constituents made tip 86.5-94.9% of the oils. The main constituents were 1,8-cineole (8.9-13.9%), caryophyllene oxide (6.5-12.5%), borneol (7.4-10.5%), beta-carvophyllene (8.5-10.2%), germacrene D (5.8-13.5%), camphor (5.2-7.4%), camphene (4.2-8.2%)and myrcene The oil containing approximately equal amounts of the first two major constituents was attributed to 1,8-cineole/caryophyllene oxide-chemotype. The most stable characteristic of the oils under study was the quantity of compounds with bornane carbon skeleton (16.7-18.5%, camphor + borneol + bornyl acetate).1 aMockute, D1 aBernotiene, G  uhttps://thymus.myspecies.info/ref/18-cineole-caryophyllene-oxide-chemotype-essential-oil-thymus-serpyllum-l-growing-wild-vilnius02983nas a2200229   4500008004100000245011700041210006900158260020700227300001400434490000700448520207200455653001402527653001502541653000802556653001102564653002002575100001802595700001502613700001402628700001402642856009702656       2004                        eng d00aEffects of spacing and harvesting time on herbage yield and quality/quantity of oil in thyme, Thymus vulgaris L.0 aEffects of spacing and harvesting time on herbage yield and qual  aAffiliation: Inst. Med. Plants Nat. Prod. Res., Iranian Acad. Ctr. Educ., Culture R., Bozorg. St., Qods St., Enghelab Ave., Tehran, Iran; Affiliation: ACECR-Shaheed Beheshtii Unit, Tehran, Iranc2004///  a231 - 2360 v193 aThyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) is member of Lamiaceae family, which distributes in different areas of Meditranea and Asia. Thyme volatile phenolic oil has been reported to be among the top 10 essential oils, showing antibacterial, antimycotic, antioxidative, natural food preservative, and mammalian age delaying properties. It has been known that agronomical factors have a great effect on both quality and quantity of essential metabolites. For this reason, it is necessary to determine optimum levels of agronomical factors affecting plant growth and production. Planting space and time of harvesting are the most important agronomical factors. This study has been conducted in Research farm of ACECR, Institute of Medicinal Plants & Natural Products Research along 1999-2000 on the base of factorial experiment in randomized complete block design with three replications. Thyme is cultivated in rows of 50cm apart with inter-row spacing of 15, 30 or 45cm. Plants are harvested in three stages, i.e. the beginning of blooming, full blooming and fruit set. In order to study the effects of plants space and time of harvesting, plant height, plant diameter, yields of dry and fresh herbage, content (%) and yield of oil, thymol and carvacrol were measured. Planting space had significant effect on plant diameter (P<0.05) and very significant effect (P<0.01) on other measured parameters except oil content, which was not significant. Time of harvest had significant effect on yield of fresh herbage, content of oil and content of carvacrol (P<0.05). Its effect on other parameters was very significant (P<0.01) except dry herbage and oil yield. The maximum yield of dry and fresh herbage, yield and content of oil and thymol yield were obtained in 15cm space and beginning of blooming stage. Maximum thymol content was observed in the beginning of blooming and 45cm space. However, 15cm spacing and harvesting in the beginning of blooming was the best treatment in respect of yield of dry matter, oil and thymol per unit area. © 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.10aCarvacrol10aDry matter10aOil10aThymol10aThymus vulgaris1 aNaghdiBadi, H1 aYazdani, D1 aAli, S, M1 aNazari, F  uhttp://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-1842787835&partnerID=40&rel=R6.5.002874nas a2200265   4500008004100000020001400041245007700055210006900132260026000201300001400461490000700475520166200482653002902144653001702173653002002190653002202210653001402232653001602246653001902262100001902281700001702300700001602317700001502333856026002348       2004                        eng d  a0305-736400aAllozyme Diversity in the Tetraploid Endemic Thymus loscosii (Lamiaceae)0 aAllozyme Diversity in the Tetraploid Endemic Thymus loscosii Lam  aGReB, Laboratori de Botànica, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avda. Joan XXIII s/n, E-08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; * For correspondence. Fax +34-934035879, e-mail jlopez@farmacia.far.ub.esb&copy; Oxford University Pressc2004/03//  a323 - 3320 v933 aBackground and Aims Thymus loscosii (Lamiaceae) is a tetraploid perennial species endemic to the Ebro river basin (north-eastern Spain), which is included in the National Catalogue of Endangered Species. It is a tetraploid species (2n = 54), presumably an autotetraploid originated by the duplication of a 2n = 28 genome and the subsequent loss of two chromosomes. Allozyme electrophoresis was conducted to survey the levels and distribution of genetic diversity and to test the previous autopolyploid hypothesis for its origin. In addition, both in situ and ex situ conservation measures are proposed. Methods Eight populations were sampled for analysis by standard methods of starch gel electrophoresis, and six putative enzymatic loci were resolved (five consistently and one only partially). Key Results Banding patterns exhibited no evidence of fixed heterozygosity and showed both balanced and unbalanced heterozygotes. In addition, most individuals showed a pattern consistent with the presence of three or four alleles at a single locus. High levels of genetic variability were found at population level (P = 85 %, A = 3(.)0, H-e = 0.422), in addition to a trend of an excess of heterozygotes. Conclusions Allozyme data support the hypothesis that T. loscosii is an autotetraploid, and the high number of alleles at some loci may be due to repeated polyploidization events. The high values of genetic variation found in this species agree with those expected for tetraploids. The excess of heterozygotes may be due to some barriers to inbreeding (e.g. occurrence of gynodioecy) and/or selection for heterozygosity. (C) 2004 Annals of Botany Company.10aAllozyme electrophoresis10aConservation10aEndemic species10aGenetic diversity10aLamiaceae10aTetraploidy10aThymusloscosii1 aLopez-Pujol, J1 aBosch, Maria1 aSimon, Joan1 aBlanche, C  uhttp://muse.lib.auth.gr:9797/org/oxfordjournals/?MuseHost=aob.oxfordjournals.org&MuseFirst=1&maxtoshow=&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=1&fulltext=(thymus+AND+(labiatae+OR+lamiaceae))&searchid=1&FIRSTINDEX=0&sortspec=relevance&resourcetype=HWCIT&MusePath=/cg02512nas a2200229   4500008004100000245007500041210006900116260001400185300001200199490000700211520165300218100002101871700000501892700000501897700003701902700001901939700001501958700001601973700001501989700001802004856026002022       2004                        eng d00aMultiple genetic contributions to plant performance in Thymus vulgaris0 aMultiple genetic contributions to plant performance in Thymus vu  c2004/02//  a45 - 560 v923 a1 Diverse genetic factors can affect plant performance. Here we evaluate how maternal and paternal origin, maternal and offspring sexual phenotype and degree of outcrossing jointly influence performance of gynodioecious Thymus vulgaris. 2 In uniform conditions we quantified size and survival of second-generation (G(2)) offspring produced by selfing and outcrossing on the open-pollinated offspring (G(1)) of G(0) females from four populations that differ in sex ratio, selfing rate and chemical type. We controlled for environmental variation, maternal effects and plant age. 3 Offspring with maternal parents from populations dominated by plants that synthesize phenolic monoterpenes had greater survival and size than those from populations with non-phenolic chemotypes. In addition, outcrossing among populations with pollen donors from non-phenolic populations significantly reduced progeny performance. These results suggest chemotype-mediated local adaptation. 4 The progeny of hermaphrodites showed significant inbreeding depression, which despite the pollination treatment x family and pollination treatment x population interactions, showed no consistent variation in relation to population inbreeding levels. 5 For a given level of outcrossing, the progeny of hermaphrodites showed greater among-family and among-population variation in plant size than those of females. Variation in nuclear restorer gene composition across cytoplasmic backgrounds may cause this variation. 6 T. vulgaris, diverse genetic factors jointly affect performance, a result with general implications for understanding fitness variation in natural populations.1 a.Thompson, JohnD1 a1 a1 a.Linhart, IsabelleLitricoandYanB1 aThompson, J, D1 aTarayre, M1 aGauthier, P1 aLitrico, I1 aLinhart, Y, B  uhttp://muse.lib.auth.gr:9797/com/blackwell-synergy/?MuseHost=www.blackwell-synergy.com&MuseFirst=1&prevSearch=allfield:(thymus+AND+(labiatae+OR+lamiaceae))&StartMuseCookie=I2KBRCK=1;+path=/;+SERVER=10.0.20.25:8080;+path=/;+JSESSIONID=gbdwEZ34tGZWt4uGDaLvr00972nas a2200157   4500008004100000245008400041210006900125260001400194300001600208490000700224520043400231100001600665700001600681700001300697856010400710       2004                        eng d00aA new hydroxyjasmone glucoside and its related compounds from the leaf of thyme0 anew hydroxyjasmone glucoside and its related compounds from the   c2004/08//  a1013 - 10140 v523 aFrom the polar portion of the methanol extract of thyme (leaf of Thymus vulgaris; Labiatae), which has been used as a stomachic, carminative, a component of prepared cough tea, and as a spice, a new hydroxyjasmone glucoside, (Z)-5'-hydroxyjasmone 5'-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside was isolated together with five related compounds and four aromatic compounds. The structures of the new compound was clarified by spectral investigation.1 aKitajima, J1 aIshikawa, T1 aUrabe, A  uhttps://thymus.myspecies.info/ref/new-hydroxyjasmone-glucoside-and-its-related-compounds-leaf-thyme01115nas a2200181   4500008004100000020001400041245006300055210006300118260009200181300001600273490000700289520041700296100001600713700001600729700001300745700001300758856016200771       2004                        eng d  a0031-942200aMonoterpenoids and their glycosides from the leaf of thyme0 aMonoterpenoids and their glycosides from the leaf of thyme  bPergamon Press Inc., 660 White Plains Rd., Floor 2 Tarrytown NY 10591-5153 USAc2004///  a3279 - 32870 v653 aFrom the polar portion of the methanol extract of thyme (leaf of Thymus vulgaris; Labiatae), which has been used as an important stomachic, carminative, a component of prepared cough tea, and a spice, seven monoterpenoid glycosides were isolated together with two known monoterpenoids and three known monoterpenoid glucosides. Structures of the seven monoterpenoid glycosides were determined by spectral analysis1 aKitajima, J1 aIshikawa, T1 aUrabe, A1 aSatoh, M  uhttp://muse.lib.auth.gr:9797/com/csa/?MuseHost=www-mi2.csa.com&MuseFirst=1&id=2&recnum=6&SID=3ed116359dfed5dfecf3a7873406b249&MusePath=/ids70/view_record.php01785nas a2200181   4500008004100000245019200041210006900233260001200302300001400314490000700328520105700335100001501392700001601407700002001423700001201443700001401455856013401469       2004                        eng d00aCharacterization and TLC-bioautographic detection of essential oils from some Thymus Taxa. Determination of the activity of the oils and their components against plant pathogenic bacteria0 aCharacterization and TLCbioautographic detection of essential oi  c2004///  a300 - 3040 v173 aThe chemical composition of the oils of four thyme (Lamiaceae) chemotypes (Thymus vulgaris L., Thymus serpyllum L., Thymus x citriodorus (Pers.) Schreb., and Thymus x citriodorus "Archer's Gold") has been determined by gas chromatography (GC). Thymol was the main component of the oils of Thymus vulgaris and Thymus serpyllum, geraniol was the main component of the oil of Thymus x citriodorus, and carvacrol was the main component of the oil of Thymus x chriodorus "Archer's Gold". The bioactivity of the volatile oil of Thymus vulgaris and of the three main components of the oils against Gram negative plant pathogenic bacteria was examined by direct bioautography. They had an inhibitory effect on all of the test microorganisms. Two bacterial strains (Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria and Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola) were most sensitive in the bioautographic system and use of these bacteria would considerably shorten the process of bioautographic detection. The two antibiotics gentamycin and streptomycin were used as controls.1 aHorvath, G1 aSzabo, L, G1 aLemberkovics, E1 aBotz, L1 aKocsis, B  uhttps://thymus.myspecies.info/ref/characterization-and-tlc-bioautographic-detection-essential-oils-some-thymus-taxa-determination02270nas a2200277   4500008004100000245019400041210006900235260026900304300001400573490000700587520106300594653002501657653001801682653002301700653000701723653003001730653003001760653001601790653000801806100001701814700001601831700002201847700001201869700001401881856009701895       2004                        eng d00aCharacterization and TLC - Bioautographic detection of essential oils from sone Thymus taxa. Determination of the activity of the oils and their components against plant pathogenic bacteria0 aCharacterization and TLC Bioautographic detection of essential o  aAffiliation: Department of Botany, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 6, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; Affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Ülloi út 26, H-1085 Budapest, Hunc2004///  a300 - 3040 v173 aThe chemical composition of the oils of four thyme (Lamiaceae) chemotypes (Thymus vulgaris L., Thymus serpyllum L., Thymus × citriodorus (Pers.) Schreb., and Thymus × citriodorus " Archer's Gold") has been determined by gas chromatography (GC). Thymol was the main component of the oils of Thymus vulgaris and Thymus serpyllum, geraniol was the main component of the oil of Thymus × citriodorus, and carvacrol was the main component of the oil of Thymus × citriodorus "Archer's Gold". The bioactivity of the volatile oil of Thymus vulgaris and of the three main components of the oils against Gram negative plant pathogenic bacteria was examined by direct bioautography. They had an inhibitory effect on all of the test microorganisms. Two bacterial strains (Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria and Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola) were most sensitive in the bioautographic system and use of these bacteria would considerably shorten the process of bioautographic detection. The two antibiotics gentamycin and streptomycin were used as controls.10aDirect bioautography10aEssential oil10aGas chromatography10aGC10aPlant pathogenic bacteria10aThin layer chromatography10aThymus taxa10aTLC1 aHorváth, G1 aSzabó, Gy1 aLemberkovics, É1 aBotz, L1 aKocsis, B  uhttp://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-4644329612&partnerID=40&rel=R6.5.001550nas a2200181   4500008004100000245009800041210006900139260002200208300001400230490000700244520091400251100001601165700001601181700002001197700001501217700002001232856011601252       2004                        eng d00aThe herbal market of Thessaloniki (N Greece) and its relation to the ethnobotanical tradition0 aherbal market of Thessaloniki N Greece and its relation to the e  bElsevierc2004///  a281 - 2990 v913 aThe results of a survey of the medicinal plants found in the herbal market of Thessaloniki, which comprises traditional shops, modern shops and open-air market stalls, are presented. A total number of 172 taxa, Pteridophyta and Spermatophyta, were found in 18 selected market spots. Information is provided on the origin, the plant parts used, the ways of drug preparation and the medicinal uses of the herbs found. The majority of them (133 taxa) are of Greek origin and are gathered from the wild (99). A remarkable number of herbs (93) found in the market of Thessaloniki are mentioned by Dioscurides whereas the comparison to the recent ethnobotanical information shows that the utilization of Dioscurides' plants remains uninterrupted. Thus it is suggested that the herb trade is still based on the Greek ethnobotanical tradition, dating from antiquity. © 2004 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.1 aHanlidou, E1 aKarousou, R1 aKleftoyianni, V1 aKokkini, S1 aKleftoyianni, V  uhttps://thymus.myspecies.info/ref/herbal-market-thessaloniki-n-greece-and-its-relation-ethnobotanical-tradition02038nas a2200337   4500008004100000245020300041210006900244260010300313300001400416490000700430520082700437653001601264653003001280653001601310653001301326653001301339653003901352653002301391653001801414653003301432653001401465653002001479653001301499653001101512653001701523653001401540653001401554100001901568700001601587856009701603       2004                        eng d00aChemical Composition, Antimicrobial and In Vitro Antioxidant Properties of Monarda citriodora var. citriodora, Myristica fragrans, Origanum vulgare ssp. hirtum, Pelargonium sp. and Thymus zygis Oils0 aChemical Composition Antimicrobial and In Vitro Antioxidant Prop  aAffiliation: 7 Dalhowan St. Crosshill By Maybole, South Ayrshire KA19 7RN, United Kingdomc2004///  a145 - 1500 v163 aOils obtained by hydrodistillation from the aerial parts of Monarda citriodora var. citriodora, Myristica fragrans, Origanum vulgare ssp. hirtum, Pelargonium sp. and Thymus zygis were screened for antioxidative properties in a lipid-rich matrix as quantified by spectrophotometry using iron (II) sulphate and 2,2′-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride as sources of primordial free radicals. Furthermore, the antimicrobial properties of M. fragrans, O. vulgare, Pelargonium sp. and T. zygis were screened against 25 different genera of bacteria selected for their agricultural, economic and health significance, The oils demonstrated a range of bioactive properties, with the oils rich in phenolic monoterpenes (M. citriodora and T. zygis) being particularly active in both antioxidant and antibacterial test systems.10aCitronellol10aEssential oil composition10aGeraniaceae10aGeraniol10aLabiatae10aMonarda citriodora var. citriodora10aMyristica fragrans10aMyristicaceae10aOriganum vulgare ssp. hirtum10aP-cyinene10aPelargonium sp.10aSabinene10aThymol10aThymus zygis10aα-pinene10aβ-pinene1 aDorman, H, J D1 aDeans, S, G  uhttp://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-1642587175&partnerID=40&rel=R6.5.002702nas a2200145   4500008004100000245014300041210006900184260001400253300001400267490000800281520210500289100001702394700001602411856012902427       2004                        eng d00aDo co-occurring plant species adapt to one another? The response of Bromus erectus to the presence of different Thymus vulgaris chemotypes0 aDo cooccurring plant species adapt to one another The response o  c2004/11//  a511 - 5180 v1413 aLocal modification of the soil environment by individual plants may affect the performance and composition of associated plant species. The aromatic plant Thymus vulgaris has the potential to modify the soil through leaching of water-soluble compounds from leaves and litter decomposition. In southern France, six different thyme chemotypes can be distinguished based on the dominant monoterpene in the essential oil, which is either phenolic or non-phenolic in structure. We examine how soils from within and away from thyme patches in sites dominated by either phenolic or non-phenolic chemotypes affect germination, growth and reproduction of the associated grass species Bromus erectus. To do so, we collected seeds of B. erectus from three phenolic and three non-phenolic sites. Seeds and seedlings were grown on soils from these sites in a reciprocal transplant type experiment in the glasshouse. Brome of non-phenolic origin performed significantly better on its home soil than on soil from a different non-phenolic or a phenolic site. This response to local chemotypes was only observed on soil collected directly underneath thyme plants and not on soil in the same site (<5 m away) but where no thyme plants were present. This is preliminary evidence that brome plants show an adaptive response to soil modifications mediated by the local thyme chemotypes. Reproductive effort was consistently higher in brome of phenolic origin than in brome of non-phenolic origin (on both thyme- and grass-soil), indicating that life-history variation may be related to environmental factors which also contribute to the spatial differentiation of thyme chemotypes. Moreover, we found that brome growing on thyme-soil in general was heavier than when growing on grass-soil, regardless of the origin of the brome plants. This is concordant with thyme-soil containing higher amounts of organic matter and nitrogen than grass-soil. Our results indicate that patterns of genetic differentiation and local adaptation may modify competitive interactions and possible facilitation effects in natural communities.1 aEhlers, B, K1 aThompson, J  uhttps://thymus.myspecies.info/ref/do-co-occurring-plant-species-adapt-one-another-response-bromus-erectus-presence-different00728nas a2200181   4500008004100000245014000041210006900181260003000250300001600280490000700296100002200303700002000325700001800345700001400363700001700377700002300394856012900417       2004                        eng d00aEssential oils of Satureja, Origanum, and Thymus species: chemical composition and antibacterial activities against foodborne pathogens0 aEssential oils of Satureja Origanum and Thymus species chemical   bACS Publicationsc2004///  a8261 - 82670 v521 aChorianopoulos, N1 aKalpoutzakis, E1 aAligiannis, N1 aMitaku, S1 aNychas, G, J1 aHaroutounian, S, A  uhttps://thymus.myspecies.info/ref/essential-oils-satureja-origanum-and-thymus-species-chemical-composition-and-antibacterial01564nas a2200253   4500008004100000245006500041210006500106260026800171300001200439490000700451520055100458653002401009653001801033653001301051653001101064653002001075653001701095100001601112700001401128700001701142700001501159700002001174856011601194       2004                        eng d00aChemical Analysis and Antifungal Activity of Thymus striatus0 aChemical Analysis and Antifungal Activity of Thymus striatus  aAffiliation: School of Pharmacy, Dept. Pharmacog./Chem. Nat. Prod., University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece; Affiliation: DSP Chromatography, Bulevar AVNOJ-a44a, 11070 Belgrade, Yugoslavia; Affiliation: Department of Plant Physiology, Inst. Biol. Res.c2004///  a40 - 420 v183 aThe essential oil composition from Thymus striatus collected from Mountain Orjen (Montenegro) has been investigated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Thymol, γ-terpinene and p-cymene were found to be the major components. Furthermore, the oil and its major component, thymol, were analysed for potential antifungal activity against plant, animal and human pathogenic fungi from different genera by a macrodilution test. The oil exhibited a strong inhibitory effect against all fungi investigated. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.10aAntifungal activity10aEssential oil10aP-cymene10aThymol10aThymus striatus10aα-terpinene1 aCouladis, M1 aTzakou, O1 aKujundzic, S1 aSokovic, M1 aMimica-Dukic, N  uhttp://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0842334482&partnerID=40&md5=8dcda467778b72c2ffbbb0b6972d9b7502630nas a2200169   4500008004100000245007200041210006900113260001400182300001400196490000700210520208500217100001502302700001502317700001402332700001402346856010002360       2004                        eng d00aEffects of spacing and harvesting time on herbage yield and quality0 aEffects of spacing and harvesting time on herbage yield and qual  c2004/05//  a231 - 2360 v193 aThyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) is member of Lamiaceae family, which distributes in different areas of Meditranea and Asia. Thyme volatile phenolic oil has been reported to be among the top 10 essential oils, showing antibacterial, antimycotic, antioxidative, natural food preservative, and mammalian age delaying properties. It has been known that agronomical factors have a great effect on both quality and quantity of essential metabolites. For this reason, it is necessary to determine optimum levels of agronomical factors affecting plant growth and production. Planting space and time of harvesting are the most important agronomical factors. This study has been conducted in Research farm of ACECR, Institute of Medicinal Plants & Natural Products Research along 1999-2000 on the base of factorial experiment in randomized complete block design with three replications. Thyme is cultivated in rows of 50 cm apart with inter-row spacing of 15, 30 or 45 cm. Plants are harvested in three stages, i.e. the beginning of blooming, full blooming and fruit set. In order to study the effects of plants space and time of harvesting, plant height, plant diameter, yields of dry and fresh herbage, content (%) and yield of oil, thymol and carvacrol were measured. Planting space had significant effect on plant diameter (P < 0.05) and very significant effect (P < 0.01) on other measured parameters except oil content, which was not significant. Time of harvest had significant effect on yield of fresh herbage, content of oil and content of carvacrol (P < 0.05). Its effect on other parameters was very significant (P < 0.01) except dry herbage and oil yield. The maximum yield of dry and fresh herbage, yield and content of oil and thymol yield were obtained in 15 cm space and beginning of blooming stage. Maximum thymol content was observed in the beginning of blooming and 45 cm space. However, 15 cm spacing and harvesting in the beginning of blooming was the best treatment in respect of yield of dry matter, oil and thymol per unit area. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved.1 aBadi, H, N1 aYazdani, D1 aAli, S, M1 aNazari, F  uhttps://thymus.myspecies.info/ref/effects-spacing-and-harvesting-time-herbage-yield-and-quality01093nas a2200193   4500008004100000245007600041210006900117260009700186300001400283490000700297520038800304653003000692653001300722653001100735653001800746653001700764100002100781856009700802       2004                        eng d00aEssential oil composition of Thymus fallax Fisch.et C.A. Mey. from Iran0 aEssential oil composition of Thymus fallax Fischet CA Mey from I  aAffiliation: Res. Inst. of Forests and Rangelands, P.O. Box 13185-116, Tehran, Iranc2004///  a101 - 1020 v163 aThe leaves of Thymus fallax Fisch. et C.A. Mey. were collected from Hamedan (the center of Hamedan province) in the west of Iran and hydrodistilled to produce a light-yellow oil at the yield of 2.5% (based on dry leaves). The oil was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Twenty-three compounds were identified, anion-which thymol (65.9%) and gamma-terpinene (10.8%) were the major constituents.10aEssential oil composition10aLabiatae10aThymol10aThymus fallax10aγ-terpinene1 aBarazandeh, M, M  uhttp://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-1642587193&partnerID=40&rel=R6.5.001111nas a2200229   4500008004100000245003900041210003500080260026900115300001200384490000600396520024500402653001300647653001400660653001100674653002300685100001300708700001600721700001800737700001400755700001500769856009700784       2004                        eng d00aThyme (Thymus vulgaris L.), thymol0 aThyme Thymus vulgaris L thymol  aAffiliation: Natural Standard Res. Collaboration; Affiliation: Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Affiliation: Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Affiliation: Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States; Affic2004///  a49 - 670 v43 aAn evidence-based systematic review including scientific evidence, expert opinion, folkloric precedent, history, pharmacology, kinetics/dynamics, interactions, adverse effects, toxicology, and dosing. Copyright © 2003 Natural Standard Inc.10aLabiatae10aLamiaceae10aThymol10aThymus vulgaris L.1 aBasch, E1 aUlbricht, C1 aHammerness, P1 aBevins, A1 aSollars, D  uhttp://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-1842866347&partnerID=40&rel=R6.5.001286nas a2200193   4500008004100000245011400041210006900155260001200224300001400236490000700250520046800257653001900725100002200744700001800766700001400784700002100798700001300819856026000832       2004                        eng d00aSeasonal variation of essential oil yield and composition of Thymus vulgaris L. (Lamiaceae) from South Brazil0 aSeasonal variation of essential oil yield and composition of Thy  c2004///  a294 - 2950 v163 aEssential oils from the leaves of Thymus vulgaris L. collected from Caxias do Sul (Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil) were isolated by hydrodistillation with an average oil yield of 0.25%. Twenty-two components were identified by GC and GUMS analysis. Thymol was found to be the most abundant constituent (31.5-52.4%), followed by p-cymene (17.1-34.4%). Thyme possessed a higher oil yield and the oil was richer in oxygenated compounds when harvested in the spring.10aEssential oils1 aAtti-Santos, A, C1 aPansera, M, R1 aParoul, N1 aAtti-Serafini, L1 aMoyna, P  uhttp://muse.lib.auth.gr:9797/com/hwwilsonweb/?MuseHost=vnweb.hwwilsonweb.com&MuseFirst=1&prod=OMNIS&query=200418808202005+<in>+an&StartMuseCookie=VNWeb_Journal=84.C1.74.87.7A.82.85.75.7A.80.7C.87.81.77.BF.82.75.84.83.75.76.83.7A.87.85.C1.74.;+path=/;+hwwi01858nas a2200205   4500008004100000245010300041210006900144260023500213300001200448490000700460520095900467653002701426653001801453653001501471100001501486700001601501700002001517700001801537856009701555       2004                        eng d00aComposition and the in vitro Antimicrobial Activities of the Essential Oils of some Thymus Species0 aComposition and the in vitro Antimicrobial Activities of the Ess  aAffiliation: Faculty of Science and Letters, Department of Biology, Balikesir University, 10100 Balikesir, Turkey; Affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskisehir, Turkeyc2004///  a75 - 800 v593 aThe genus Thymus (Lamiaceae) is represented by 38 species (64 taxa) in Turkey, and 24 of which are endemic to Turkey. Aerial parts of Thymus longicaulis subsp. chaubardii var. chaubardii, T. zygioides var. lycaonicus, T. longicaulis subsp. longicaulis var. subisophyllus and T. pulvinatus collected from three different localities in Balikesir province were subjected to hydrodistillation to yield essential oils which were subsequently analysed by GC and GC/MS. The main constituents of the oils were identified, and antimicrobial bioassay was applied. Thymol (56.6%, 42.8%, 36.9%) was the main component in the oils of T. longicaulis subsp. chaubardii var. chaubardii (chemotype I), T. longicaulis subsp. chaubardii var. chaubardii (chemotype II) and T. zygioides var. lycaonicus respectively. The oil of T. longicaulis subsp. longicaulis var. subisophyllus contained carvacrol (60.0%) and the oil of T. pulvinatus borneol (27.9%) as main constituents.10aAntimicrobial Activity10aEssential oil10aThymus sp.1 aAzaz, A, D1 aIrtem, H, A1 aKurkcuoǧlu, M1 aBaser, K, H C  uhttp://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-1342288752&partnerID=40&rel=R6.5.0