01622nas a2200193   4500008004100000245009500041210006900136260016600205300001400371490000700385520084500392653000901237653001901246653001101265653001501276100001601291700002401307856009701331       2003                        eng d00aValidation of HPLC determination of phenolic acids present in some Lamiaceae family plants0 aValidation of HPLC determination of phenolic acids present in so  aAffiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Slovak Technical University, Radlinskeho 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakiac2003///  a443 - 4530 v263 aHPLC columns with different length, particle size, and chemical properties of sorbent were tested and compared for the application in the development of the universal HPLC assay for determination of phenolic compounds, which could be present in some medicinal plants from the Lamiaceae family (Melissa officinalis, Rosmarinus officinalis, Salvia officinalis, Thymus serpyllum, and Origanum vulgare). More RP-18 columns have been chosen for the simultaneous separation of all phenolic compounds in the study. The basic chromatographic characteristics were evaluated and the HPLC method using one of the suitable columns was validated for all determined analytes. The recommended separation conditions were applied for phenolic compound monitoring in extracts of plant material. Yields of analytes present in all plant samples were evaluated.10aHPLC10aPhenolic acids10aPlants10aValidation1 aZiaková, A1 aBrandšteterová, E  uhttp://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0037285983&partnerID=40&rel=R6.5.002281nas a2200205   4500008004100000020001400041245011400055210006900169260011500238300001400353490000600367520132500373100002201698700002001720700001801740700002001758700002001778700002201798856025501820       2003                        eng d  a1672-197700aOriginal studies on anti-tumor and immunological effect of extracts from Thymus quinquecostatus Celak in mice0 aOriginal studies on antitumor and immunological effect of extrac  aAffiliation: Department of Biology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong Province 252059, China.c2003///  a209 - 2100 v13 aOBJECTIVE: To study the anti-tumor and immunological effect of extracts from Thymus quinquecostatus Celak on mice transplanted S180 tumor cells. METHODS: Different doses of volatile oil and alcohol extracted substances from Thymus quinquecostatus Celak were given to mice bearing S180 tumor for 9 days. Tumor inhibition rates and coefficients of spleen and thymus were determined. RESULTS: Tumor inhibition rates of the groups with alcohol extracts (40 g crude drug.kg(-1).d(-1) and 20 g crude drug.kg(-1).d(-1)) were 51.5% (P<0.01) and 36.4% (P<0.05) respectively, and those of the groups with volatile oil (40 g crude drug.kg(-1).d(-1) and 20 g crude drug.kg(-1).d(-1))were both 39.4% (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The extracts from Thymus quinquecostatus Celak have anti-tumor activities. The coefficient of spleen in group with alcohol extracts (40 g crude drug.kg(-1).d(-1))was close to normal value, and its coefficient of thymus was between that of the negative control group and the group with cyclophosphamide (0.02 g.kg(-1).d(-1)). The anti-tumor activity of the alcohol extracts was significantly higher than that of the control group and the tumor inhibition rate was depending on drug concentration. Depending on index of immunity,the extracts from Thymus quinquecostatus Celak may have some influences on immunity.1 aSun, Zhen-Xiao, X1 aSun, Jin-Hua, H1 aCheng, Shuang1 aMa, Qing-Wen, W1 aGuo, Shan-Li, L1 aZhang, Jin-Bao, B  uhttp://muse.lib.auth.gr:9797/com/csa/?MuseHost=www-mi2.csa.com&MuseFirst=1&id=2&recnum=4&SID=b8599c660c0d7abb640bacacd8dd54da&MusePath=/ids70/view_record.phphttp://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-16644369614&partnerID=40&rel=R6.5.002602nas a2200253   4500008004100000245013900041210006900180260027100249300001400520490000700534520150200541653001502043653003002058653001402088653001802102653002702120653001702147100001902164700002202183700001402205700001802219700001402237856009702251       2003                        eng d00aQualitative and quantitative variation in monoterpene co-occurrence and composition in the essential oil of Thymus vulgaris chemotypes0 aQualitative and quantitative variation in monoterpene cooccurren  aAffiliation: Ctr. d'Ecologie Fonct. et Evolutive, CNRS, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France; Affiliation: Lab. Chim. des Huiles Essentielles, Universite Blaise Pascal de Clermont, Campus des Cézeaux, 24 Avenue des Landais, 63177 Aubiec2003/04//  a859 - 8800 v293 aThymus vulgaris has a chemical polymorphism with six different chemotypes that show marked spatial segregation in nature. Although some populations have a single chemotype in majority, many have two or three chemotypes. In this study we analyze the quantitative variation among T. vulgaris populations in the percentage of oil composed of the dominant monoterpene(s) for each chemotype. In general, phenolic chemotypes (thymol and carvacrol), which occur at the end of the biosynthetic chain, have a significantly lower proportion of their oil composed of their dominant monoterpene than nonphenolic chemotypes (geraniol, α-terpineol, and linalool). This is due to the presence of high amounts of precursors (γ-terpinene and paracymene) in the oil of phenolic chemotypes. The essential oil of the nonphenolic thuyanol chemotype has four characteristic monoterpenes that together make up a lower proportion of the oil than the single dominant monoterpene of the other nonphenolic chemotypes. For all chemotypes, the percentage composition of the dominant monoterpene decreased significantly at sites where the chemotype is not the majority type. This decrease is correlated with a significant increase in either the proportion of the two precursors for the thymol chemotype or the monoterpenes characteristic of the other chemotypes at the site. The latter result suggests that a plant with dominant genes is responsible for the production of different monoterpenes can produce several molecules.10aAdaptation10aEssential oil composition10aLamiaceae10aMediterranean10aMonoterpene production10aPolymorphism1 aThompson, J, D1 aChalchat, J, C -C1 aMichet, A1 aLinhart, Y, B1 aEhlers, B  uhttp://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0242499958&partnerID=40&rel=R6.5.001842nas a2200133   4500008004100000245008300041210006900124260001200193300001400205490000700219520135700226100001401583856011101597       2003                        eng d00aSensitivity of four pathogenic bacteria to Turkish thyme and oregano hydrosols0 aSensitivity of four pathogenic bacteria to Turkish thyme and ore  c2003///  a467 - 4730 v363 aThe two thyme (Thymus vulgaris L. and Thymus serpyllum L.) and three oregano (Origanum vulgare L., Origanum onites L. and Origanum majorana L.) hydrosols, widely used in food products and as drinks, were tested for their inhibitory effects against four pathogenic bacteria (Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, E. coli O157:H7 ATCC 33150, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 2392 and Yersinia enterocolitica ATCC 1501). Two principles were used in determining the antibacterial effects of spice hydrosols: inhibition zones were determined by paper disc diffusion method, and the bacteriostatic effects, bactericidal effects and the growth inhibition levels were studied as colony forming units (cfu) in broth cultures. All tested bacteria were inhibited by all of the spice hydrosols using paper disc diffusion method. According to serial dilution method, while all spice hydrosols at 10 and 25 mL/100 mL concentrations had generally bacteriostatic activities, the same hydrosols appeared to have bactericidal effects at concentrations above 50 mL/100 mL. The most sensitive of the bacteria against the spice hydrosols was S. aureus. In addition, the most inhibitive of the spice hydrosols on the four pathogenic bacteria were O. onites L. and O. majorana L. (C) 2003 Swiss Society of Food Science and Technology. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.1 aSagdic, O  uhttps://thymus.myspecies.info/ref/sensitivity-four-pathogenic-bacteria-turkish-thyme-and-oregano-hydrosols02023nas a2200265   4500008004100000245009700041210006900138260018200207300001400389490000700403520100900410653002501419653002401444653002301468653002501491653002201516653002301538653002001561653001401581653001601595653002101611100001701632700001101649856009701660       2003                        eng d00aMycotoxic Effects of Thymus Serpyllum Oil on the Asexual Reproduction of Aspergillus Species0 aMycotoxic Effects of Thymus Serpyllum Oil on the Asexual Reprodu  aAffiliation: PCSIR Laboratories, Mastung Road, Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan; Affiliation: Department of Botany, Government Girls College, Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistanc2003///  a168 - 1710 v153 aMycotoxic effects of Thymus serpyllum oil on the asexual reproduction of five species of Aspergillus - A. awamori, A. niger, A. flavus, A. foetidus and A. oryzae - were investigated. Tolnaftate B.P. 1% w/w was used as an antifungal reference drug. In addition to possessing antifungal properties, the oil inhibited all three stages of asexual reproduction, i.e. spore germination, mycelial growth and spore formation. The intensity of inhibitory effect varied with the species and the concentration of the oil used. A. niger was found to be the most sensitive at its germination stage, whereas A. foetidus was most sensitive at the mycelial growth and spore formation stage. At the same concentration, the effects of the oil and antifungal drug were the same at the mycelial growth stage, as in the case of A. oryzae. Overall, the inhibition of mycelial growth was better via T. serpyllum oil than the antifungal drug. Spore lysis was observed in the case of A. niger when spores were exposed to the oil.10aAsexual reproduction10aAspergillus awamori10aAspergillus flavus10aAspergillus foetidus10aAspergillus niger10aAspergillus oryzae10aAspergillus sp.10aLamiaceae10aSpore lysis10aThymus serpyllum1 aRahman, M, U1 aGul, S  uhttp://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0142165664&partnerID=40&rel=R6.5.002010nas a2200169   4500008004100000020001400041245009700055210006900152260013400221300001400355490000700369520114200376100002401518700001501542700002801557856025501585       2003                        eng d  a0792-997800aInterpopulation variation in seed germination of five Mediterranean Labiatae shrubby species0 aInterpopulation variation in seed germination of five Mediterran  aAffiliation: Depto. de Biología Vegetal, Esc. Univ. de Ing. Tec. Agric., Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spainc2003///  a117 - 1240 v513 aThe aim of this work was to determine seed germination characteristics of different populations of five Mediterranean Labiatae species: lavender (Lavandula stoechas), oregano (Origanum vulgare), and three species of thyme (Thymus mastichina, T. vulgaris, and T. zygis). Correlations of final germination percentage of each population with seed weight and various geographic parameters (longitude, latitude, and altitude) were studied. For each species, final germination percentages were highly variable depending on the population, ranging from 16 to 95% for Lavandula stoechas, 4-95% for Thymus zygis, 13-90% for T. vulgaris, 35-95% for T. mastichina, and 21-91% for Origanum vulgare. Similarly, germination rate (T50) varied significantly. A significant relationship between seed weight and final germination percentage was identified for the populations of L. stoechas and O. vulgare. Moreover, germination percentages correlated significantly with altitude in T. mastichina, and with longitude in O. vulgare. In addition, seed weight showed a significant relationship with longitude in O. vulgare and with latitude in T. mastichina.1 aPérez-García, F1 aHornero, J1 aGonzález-Benito, M, E  uhttp://muse.lib.auth.gr:9797/com/csa/?MuseHost=www-mi2.csa.com&MuseFirst=1&id=2&recnum=5&SID=54cb5ee3ad7ac982e501634b8323fbe4&MusePath=/ids70/view_record.phphttp://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-17144452965&partnerID=40&rel=R6.5.001159nas a2200241   4500008004100000245006500041210006500106260001200171300001200183490000700195520025300202653001900455100001700474700002600491700001400517700002600531700001600557700001800573700001800591700001900609700002900628856026000657       2003                        eng d00aAntifungal activity of Thymus oils and their major compounds0 aAntifungal activity of Thymus oils and their major compounds  c2003///  a73 - 780 v183 aThe increasing recognition and importance of fungal infections, the difficulties encountered in their treatment and the increase in resistance to antifungals have stimulated the search for therapeutic alternatives. Essential oils have been used emp10aEssential oils1 aPina-Vaz, C.1 aRodrigues, Gonçalves1 aPinto, E.1 aCosta-de-Oliveira, S.1 aTavares, C.1 aSalgueiro, L.1 aCavaleiro, C.1 aGonçalves, M.1 aMartinez-de-Oliveira, J.  uhttp://muse.lib.auth.gr:9797/com/blackwell-synergy/?MuseHost=www.blackwell-synergy.com&MuseFirst=1&prevSearch=allfield:(thymus+AND+(labiatae+OR+lamiaceae))&StartMuseCookie=I2KBRCK=1;+path=/;+SERVER=10.0.20.25:8080;+path=/;+JSESSIONID=gbdwEZ34tGZWt4uGDaLvr01094nas a2200217   4500008004100000245007000041210006900111260012500180300001400305490000700319520030900326653003000635653001300665653001300678653001100691653002700702653002100729100001300750700001600763856009700779       2003                        eng d00aChemical composition of essential oil from Thymus vulgaris hybrid0 aChemical composition of essential oil from Thymus vulgaris hybri  aAffiliation: Res. Inst. of Forests and Rangelands, Department of Phytochemistry, PO Box 13185-116, Tehran, Iranc2003///  a404 - 4050 v153 aA sample of essential oil obtained from aerial parts of the Thymus vulgaris hybrid known as 'Porlock' (Labiatae) was examined by GC and GC/MS. Twenty-five compounds were identified representing about 94% of the oil with thymol (39.1%), β-caryophyllene (11.1%) and p-cymene (10.5%) as major constituents.10aEssential oil composition10aLabiatae10aP-cymene10aThymol10aThymus vulgaris hybrid10aβ-caryophyllene1 aMirza, M1 aBaher, Z, F  uhttp://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0345016020&partnerID=40&rel=R6.5.000509nas a2200121   4500008004100000245009100041210006900132260001200201100002000213700002000233700001800253856011600271       2003                        eng d00aMedicinal and Aromatic Plants in Albania , Bosnia-Herzegovina , Bulgaria , Croatia and0 aMedicinal and Aromatic Plants in Albania BosniaHerzegovina Bulga  c2003///1 aKathe, Wolfgang1 aHonnef, Susanne1 aHeym, Andreas  uhttps://thymus.myspecies.info/ref/medicinal-and-aromatic-plants-albania-bosnia-herzegovina-bulgaria-croatia-and01793nas a2200169   4500008004100000245011400041210006900155260001400224300001400238490000700252520116000259100001901419700001701438700001601455700001901471856013301490       2003                        eng d00aCharacterisation of the antioxidant properties of de-odourised aqueous extracts from selected Lamiaceae herbs0 aCharacterisation of the antioxidant properties of deodourised aq  c2003/11//  a255 - 2620 v833 aDe-odourised aqueous extracts of four commonly consumed herbs belonging to the Lamiaceae family, i.e. oregano (Origanum vulgaris L.), rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.), sage (Salvia officinalis L.) and thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.), were investigated for their antioxidant properties. Various experimental models were used for the characterisation of the activity, including iron reduction capacity, DPPH., ABTS.(+) and .OH radical-scavenging activities and the capacity of the extracts to inhibit copper-induced oxidation of human low-density lipoproteins (LDL) ex vivo. The extracts showed varying degrees of reductive and radical scavenging capacity, and were capable of a marked prolongation of the lag-time in the LDL oxidation assay. The hierarchy of the observed antioxidant activity of the extracts was dependent on the type of assay used. The observed antioxidant characteristics were not fully related to the total phenolic contents of the extracts in any of the assays, but were presumably strongly dependent on rosmarinic acid, the major phenolic component present in this type of Lamiaceae extract. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.1 aDorman, H, J D1 aPeltoketo, A1 aHiltunen, R1 aTikkanen, M, J  uhttps://thymus.myspecies.info/ref/characterisation-antioxidant-properties-de-odourised-aqueous-extracts-selected-lamiaceae-herbs00895nas a2200169   4500008004100000245012800041210006900169260001200238300001400250490000700264520036800271100000500639700000500644700000500649700000500654856006600659       2003                        eng d00aChemical composition and antifungal activity of essential oils of seven Moroccan Labiatae against Botrytis cinerea Pers: Fr0 aChemical composition and antifungal activity of essential oils o  c2003///  a165 - 1690 v893 a... ...essential oils of seven Moroccan Labiatae against Botrytis cinerea Pers...Essential oils of seven Moroccan Labiatae were chemically analysed by...them, Origanum compactum and Thymus glandulosus greatly inhibited...the two main constituents of Thymus glandulosus and Origanum compactum...Inhibitory Concentration 50 | Lamiaceae | Morocco | Oils, Volatile...1 a1 a1 a1 a  uhttp://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S037887410300275701475nas a2200169   4500008004100000245013000041210006900171260001400240300001400254490000700268520083300275100001501108700001501123700002001138700001701158856013001175       2003                        eng d00aChemical composition and antifungal activity of essential oils of seven Moroccan Labiatae against Botrytis cinerea Pers : Fr.0 aChemical composition and antifungal activity of essential oils o  c2003/11//  a165 - 1690 v893 aEssential oils of seven Moroccan Labiatae were chemically analysed by GC-MS and evaluated for their in vitro antifungal activity against Botrytis cinerea. Among them, Origanum, compactum, and Thymus glandulosus greatly inhibited the growth of the mycelium. The inhibition of Botrytis cinerea was 100% for both oils at 100 ppm, while the IC(50)s were 35.1 and 79.2 ppm, respectively. Mentha pulegium exhibited moderate activity at 250 ppm since the inhibition of the mycelial growth was 58.5% and the IC50 was 233.5 ppm. The main constituents of the studied oils were also examined. Thymol and carvacrol that are the two main constituents of Thymus glandulosus and Origanum compactum exhibited the strongest antifungal activity with 100% of inhibition at 100 ppm, respectively. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.1 aBouchra, C1 aAchouri, M1 aHassani, L, M I1 aHmamouchi, M  uhttps://thymus.myspecies.info/ref/chemical-composition-and-antifungal-activity-essential-oils-seven-moroccan-labiatae-against01811nas a2200217   4500008004100000245012900041210006900170260026900239300001400508490000700522520082300529653002401352653002101376653001001397653002201407100001501429700001501444700002001459700001701479856009701496       2003                        eng d00aChemical composition and antifungal activity of essential oils of seven Moroccan Labiatae against Botrytis cinerea Pers: Fr.0 aChemical composition and antifungal activity of essential oils o  aAffiliation: UFR, Substances Naturelles, Rabat Instituts, B.P. 6388, Rabat, Morocco; Affiliation: Laboratoire de Mycologie, Dépt. de Protect. des Plantes, IAV Hassan II Complexe, Agadir, Morocco; Affiliation: Lab. Symbiotes Racinaire/Biochim. V., Facultc2003///  a165 - 1690 v893 aEssential oils of seven Moroccan Labiatae were chemically analysed by GC-MS and evaluated for their in vitro antifungal activity against Botrytis cinerea. Among them, Origanum compactum and Thymus glandulosus greatly inhibited the growth of the mycelium. The inhibition of Botrytis cinerea was 100% for both oils at 100ppm, while the IC50s were 35.1 and 79.2ppm, respectively. Mentha pulegium exhibited moderate activity at 250ppm since the inhibition of the mycelial growth was 58.5% and the IC50 was 233.5ppm. The main constituents of the studied oils were also examined. Thymol and carvacrol that are the two main constituents of Thymus glandulosus and Origanum compactum exhibited the strongest antifungal activity with 100% of inhibition at 100ppm, respectively. © 2003 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.10aAntifungal activity10aBotrytis cinerea10aGC-MS10aMoroccan Labiatae1 aBouchra, C1 aAchouri, M1 aHassani, L, M I1 aHmamouchi, M  uhttp://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0141569085&partnerID=40&rel=R6.5.001138nas a2200169   4500008004100000245007500041210006900116260001200185300001400197490000700211520058300218100001700801700001600818700001300834700002000847856010100867       2003                        eng d00aAntimicrobial activity of essential oils from Tunisian aromatic plants0 aAntimicrobial activity of essential oils from Tunisian aromatic   c2003///  a380 - 3830 v183 aThe essential oils from Thymus capitatus (L.) Hoffmgg. et Link, Ocimum basilicum (L.), Myrtus communis (M.) and Laurus nobilis (L.) have been characterized and tested against two bacteria (Lactobacillus plantarum and Escherichia coli) and a fungus (Geotrichum candidum), using a submerged broth culture method. The results obtained showed that T. capitatus and O. basilicum were the greatest inhibitors of all the strains tested, and that Escherichia coli was more inhibited than Lactobacillus plantarum by all the essential oils tested. Copyright (C) 2003 John Wiley Sons, Ltd.1 aBouzouita, N1 aKachouri, F1 aHamdi, M1 aChaabouni, M, M  uhttps://thymus.myspecies.info/ref/antimicrobial-activity-essential-oils-tunisian-aromatic-plants01321nas a2200169   4500008004100000245005400041210005400095260001400149300001400163490000700177520081800184100001701002700001401019700001601033700001701049856008501066       2003                        eng d00aCytotoxic activities of some Greek Labiatae herbs0 aCytotoxic activities of some Greek Labiatae herbs  c2003/05//  a472 - 4760 v173 aNineteen methanolic crude plant extracts of Labiatae family, collected in Greece from different locations, were evaluated for cytotoxic activity against brine shrimps and three human cancer cell lines along with a normal mouse cells as a control cell line. In the brine shrimp lethality test, Mentha pulegium was the only sample found to be active with an LC50 value 347.3 mug/ml, while all remaining samples had LC50 values greater than 1000 mug/ml. In case of Caco-2 and HepG2 cell lines, only one sample, namely Thymus parnassicus Halacsy, was active with LC50 values 44.6 and 50.3 mug/ml respectively, while against MCF-7 cell line, two samples, namely, Clinopodium vulgare L. (LC50: 60.4 mug/ml), and Thymus parnassicus Halacsy (LC50: 54.7 mug/ml), were found active. Copyright (C) 2003 John Wiley Sons, Ltd.1 aBadisa, R, B1 aTzakou, O1 aCouladis, M1 aPilarinou, E  uhttps://thymus.myspecies.info/ref/cytotoxic-activities-some-greek-labiatae-herbs02683nas a2200241   4500008004100000245009400041210006900135260021600204300001600420490000700436520172100443653002502164653001802189653001302207653002502220653001002245653002002255653001002275100002102285700002202306700001602328856009702344       2003                        eng d00aInfluence of nitrogen fertilizers on the yield and composition of thyme (Thymus vulgaris)0 aInfluence of nitrogen fertilizers on the yield and composition o  aAffiliation: Department of Food Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilenu̧ pl. 19, LT-3028 Kaunas, Lithuania; Affiliation: Lithuanian Institute of Horticulture, LT-4335 Babtai, Lithuaniac2003/12//  a7751 - 77580 v513 aThe influence of nitrogen fertilizers on the yield of crop, as well as on the production and composition of the essential oil and some other chemical characteristics of thyme, was investigated. Different levels of fertilizers (N = 0, 45, 90, and 135 kg ha(-1)) were applied. It was found that fortilizers increase thyme crop, but differences in the yield of essential oil were not remarkable. However, the use of certain amounts of nitrogen fertilizers resulted in higher yields of essential oil obtainable from the cultivation area unit (dm(3) ha(-1)). Totally, 61 constituents were identified in thyme essential oil by capillary GC and GC-MS. Thymol was the dominating compound in the all analyzed oils (44.4-58.1 %), followed by p-cymene (9.1-18.5%), gamma-terpinene (6.9-18.9%), and carvacrol (2.4-4.2%). Differences in the percentage of these and other compounds in thyme herb cultivated under different fertilization doses were not significant; very slight changes in the percentage composition were detected after drying. Some variations in the amount of individual constituents expressed in arbitrary units per kilogram of herb (which is almost equivalent to mg kg(-1)) were observed. The highest amounts of sugars and sucrose, in particular, were determined in the second year of thyme cultivation. Differences in the content of dry soluble substances were not meaningful, and there was no effect of nitrogen fertilizers on this chemical characteristic. Some effect of fertilization on the content of vitamin C and carotenes was observed in the first year of thyme cultivation. It was determined that nitrogen fertilizers influence the amount of nitrates, which was highest in the second-year-first-harvest.10aChemical composition10aEssential oil10aLabiatae10aNitrogen fertilizers10aThyme10aThymus vulgaris10aYield1 aBaranauskiene, R1 aVenskutonis, P, R1 aViskelis, P  uhttp://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0348110236&partnerID=40&rel=R6.5.000933nas a2200157   4500008004100000245006800041210006500109260001200174300001400186490000700200520042500207653001900632100001500651700001300666856009600679       2003                        eng d00aChemical composition of Albanian thyme oil (Thymus vulgaris L.)0 aChemical composition of Albanian thyme oil Thymus vulgaris L  c2003///  a165 - 1670 v153 aThe essential oils of the Albanian thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) were obtained by steam distillation of air-dried plant material and examined by GC and GUMS. Over 86 compounds were detected in the oils, from which more than 40 could be identified. The main components identified were: p-cymene: (7.76-43.75%), gamma-terpinene (4.20-27.62%), thymol (21.38-60.15%), carvacrol (1.15-3.04%) and beta-caryophyllene (1.30-3.07%).10aEssential oils1 aAsllani, U1 aToska, V  uhttps://thymus.myspecies.info/ref/chemical-composition-albanian-thyme-oil-thymus-vulgaris-l02486nas a2200205   4500008004100000020001400041245007900055210006900134260001400203300001600217490001100233520174400244100002601988700002402014700002302038700001902061700001902080700001902099856016202118       2003                        eng d  a0021-856100aEssential oils from Mediterranean lamiaceae as weed germination inhibitors0 aEssential oils from Mediterranean lamiaceae as weed germination   c2003/10//  a6158 - 61640 v51; 513 aThe essential oils obtained from rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.), thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.), and savory (Satureja montana L.) and the four monoterpenes that are their major constituents have been analyzed by GC and GC-MS and tested for their allelopathic properties on the seeds of three different annual weeds (Chenopodium album, Portulaca oleracea, and Echinochloa crus-galli) and three crops (Raphanus sativus, Capsicum annuum, and Lactuca sativa), with the aim to evaluate in vitro their potential as germination inhibitors. The essential oil composition varied with the species, thymol being the main constituent (44%) of thyme and carvacrol (57%) that of savory oil. Differences in essential oil composition were observed within two different rosemary ecotypes, type A, with alpha-pinene (37%) and 1,8-cineole (23%), and type B, characterized by a 2-fold content of 1,8-cineole (47%). This latest essential oil inhibited completely the germination of weeds while concurrently displaying little effect on pepper. The other two oils showed less selective action. S. montana essential oil, with 57% carvacrol, is the most active compound, completely inhibiting germination both of crops and weeds. Borneol, one of the main constituents of the oil of rosemary type B, showed an activity comparable to that of the whole oil. Crop and weed seeds treated with 1,8-cineole showed germination values that were not significantly different from controls, even if a slowing of the germination process expressed in terms of a significant increase in mean germination time was observed. Monoterpene compounds also present in the essential oils mainly represented the volatile fraction released from the crops and their residues into the soil1 aAngelini, Luciana, G.1 aCarpanese, Giovanna1 aCioni, Pier, Luigi1 aMorelli, Ivano1 aMacchia, Mario1 aFlamini, Guido  uhttp://muse.lib.auth.gr:9797/com/csa/?MuseHost=www-mi2.csa.com&MuseFirst=1&id=2&recnum=3&SID=b8599c660c0d7abb640bacacd8dd54da&MusePath=/ids70/view_record.php