01276nas a2200229   4500008004100000245007900041210006900120260021400189300001200403490000700415520035700422653001900779653001700798653001400815653002800829653002900857100001500886700002000901700001500921700001300936856009700949       1998                        eng d00aThe essential oils of Satureja coerulea Janka and Thymus aznavourii Velen.0 aessential oils of Satureja coerulea Janka and Thymus aznavourii   aAffiliation: Department of Biology, Faculty of Education, Balikesir University, 10100 Balikesir, Turkey; Affiliation: Med. Arom. Plant and Drug Res. Ctr., Anadolu University, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkeyc1998///  a65 - 670 v133 aSatureja coerulea Janka and Thymus aznavourii Velen. are endangered species. Thymus aznavourii is an endemic species in Turkey. Satureja coerulea has a narrow distribution in Turkey and Bulgaria. Water-distilled essential oils from the aerial parts of these species were analysed by GC-MS. The main component in the oils was identified as germacrene-D.10aEssential oils10aGermacrene-D10aLamiaceae10aSatureja coerulea Janka10aThymus aznavourii Velen.1 aTümen, G1 aBaşer, K, H C1 aDemirci, B1 aErmin, N  uhttp://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0031886592&partnerID=40&rel=R6.5.003502nas a2200157   4500008004100000245006000041210005800101260001200159300001400171490000700185520293900192100001503131700001903146700001703165856016203182       1998                        eng d00aThirty-Five Years of Thyme: A Tale of Two Polymorphisms0 aThirtyFive Years of Thyme A Tale of Two Polymorphisms  c1998///  a805 - 8150 v483 aThe aromatic or wild thyme (Thymus vulgaris) is a small, woody shrub of the Labiatae family that inhabits open areas in the western Mediterranean basin. Two types of polymorphic variation exhibited by thyme have provided for the study of the evolutionary dynamics of genetic polymorphisms. First, wild thyme plants bear either female or hermaphrodite flowers but not both, which makes them gynodioecious. In southern France, populations exhibit female frequencies ranging from 5% to more than 90%, which is much higher than other gynodioecious species. Second, six different genetically determined monoterpene compositions of thyme's oil can be found in southern France. The authors John D. Thompson, Domenica Manicacci, and Michele Tarayre have synthesized 35 years of past research on the gynodioecy and oil compound variation of thyme in reference to the high frequency of females and number of oil compounds. The average female frequency of the thyme populations is approximately 60%, which indicates cytoplasmic inheritance. Although nuclear genes are also involved in the determination of sexual phenotype, cytoplasmic sterility genes may block male function. Field investigations have determined that female frequency is correlated with population age, with young populations bearing a high number of females. The male function of nuclear genes is suspected of being restored from the sterility influence of cytoplasmic genes by appropriate alleles of restorer genes in the nuclear genome. The possibility that restorer alleles are lacking in patches of colonizing populations is suggested by the low levels of mitochondrial DNA and chloroplast DNA diversity in the populations. Studies have also shown that male-fertility restoration is more frequent when the females are pollinated by males of the original populations than for females cross-pollinated by distant populations. Other fitness considerations include a possible inbreeding depression among hermaphrodites, reduced seed production resulting from resource allocation toward pollen, and a variable sexual resource investment in hermaphrodites. Eleven species of the genus Thymus ranging from southeastern Spain to south-central France were studied by T. Adzet and others who found a pattern of geographic variation in their occurrence, with the three chemotypes of cineol, borneol, and camphene found in southeastern Spain; the phenolics of carvacrol and thymol abundant in northern Spain and southern France; and nonphenolics increasing in frequency toward the northern latitudes. The geographical distribution indicates an adaptive strategy whereby phenolic compounds are produced in response to hot, dry climates and nonphenolic compounds are produced in cool, moist habitats. The geographical distribution also occurs at a microhabitat scale according to microclimates and is thought to be in response to drought stress, interspecific competition, and herbivory1 aTarayre, M1 aThompson, J, D1 aManicacci, D  uhttp://muse.lib.auth.gr:9797/com/csa/?MuseHost=www-mi2.csa.com&MuseFirst=1&id=2&recnum=2&SID=686e18bda0daa536a33eb2d7c501c5dc&MusePath=/ids70/view_record.php00646nam a2200121   4500008004100000245018200041210007200223260001200295653002100307653003000328100002000358856014600378       1998                        eng d00aPolychemismus bei den {ä}therisches {Ö}l f{ü}hrenden Arten Thymus pulegioides L. und Thymus praecox Opiz ssp. articus (E. Durand) Jalas (Lamiaceae) im nordatlantischen Europa0 aPolychemismus bei den ä therisches Ö l f ü hrenden Arten Thymus   c1998///10aManuscript (mss)10aThesis/dissertation (deg)1 aSchmidt, Andrea  uhttps://thymus.myspecies.info/ref/polychemismus-bei-den-%C3%A4therisches-%C3%B6l-f%C3%BChrenden-arten-thymus-pulegioides-l-und-thymus-praecox02334nas a2200289   4500008004100000245013700041210006900178260026900247300001600516490000700532520116900539653001501708653002101723653002201744653001301766653002401779653001301803653001701816653001001833653002001843653002401863100001801887700001401905700001601919700001201935856009701947       1998                        eng d00aCharacterization and use of essential oil from Thymus vulgaris against Botrytis cinerea and Rhizopus stolonifer in strawberry fruits0 aCharacterization and use of essential oil from Thymus vulgaris a  aAffiliation: Dept. of Food Science and Nutrition, Horticultural Research Center, Laval University, Sainte-Foy, Que. G1K 7P4, Canada; Affiliation: Department of Plant Science, Horticultural Research Center, Laval University, Sainte-Foy, Que. G1K 7P4, Canadc1998///  a1515 - 15200 v473 aThe essential oils from two clonal types of Thymus vulgaris (Laval-1 and Laval-2) were characterized and tested for antifungal activity. Contents were high in p-cymene, linalool, terpinen-4-ol and thymol which constituted 53.5% and 66.2% of Laval-1 and Laval-2 essential oils respectively. The essential oil volatiles from two clonal types exhibited antifungal activity against Botrytis cinerea and Rhizopus stolonifer, two common storage pathogens of strawberries (Fragaria ananassa). The inhibition of B. cinerea and R. stolonifer ranged from 26.5 to 63.5% and 5.5 to 50.5% respectively by oil from Laval-1, when exposed to concentrations of 50 to 200 ppm, while values of 36.9 to 90.5% and 11.5 to 65.8% were observed from oil from Laval-2. The decay of strawberry fruits caused by B. cinerea and R. stolonifer was controlled up to 73.6 and 73.0% respectively by volatiles from maximin concentration of Laval-l, and up to 75.8 and 74.8% from Laval-2. No visual phytotoxic symptoms were noticed for the observed period. Essential oil from Laval-2 exhibited higher antifungal activity which was related to its relatively higher content of antimicrobial compounds.10aAntifungal10aBotrytis cinerea10aFragaria ananassa10aLabiatae10aRhizopus stolonifer10aRosaceae10aStrawberries10aThyme10aThymus vulgaris10aVolatile components1 aReddy, M, V B1 aAngers, P1 aGosselin, A1 aArul, J  uhttp://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0032051755&partnerID=40&rel=R6.5.001821nas a2200169   4500008004100000245008400041210006900125260002100194300001400215490000800229520121100237100002401448700001601472700003201488700001801520856011301538       1998                        eng d00aGynodioecy and reproductive trait variation in three Thymus species (Lamiaceae)0 aGynodioecy and reproductive trait variation in three Thymus spec  bJSTORc1998/11//  a948 - 9570 v1593 aWe studied the general features of the reproductive system of two sympatric species Thymus zygis and Thymus mastichina (Lamiaceae) near Salamanca, Spain, and compare our data with previous and original data on the gynodioecious Thymus vulgaris studied near Montpellier, France. The frequency of females is high on average and strongly variable among natural populations and species: 51% (17-87) in T. zygis, 72% (41-99) in T. mastichina, and 63% (34-88) in T, vulgaris. The high female frequencies in some populations and the strong maternal inheritance of the sexual phenotype indicate a nuclear-cytoplasmic determination of sex in both Spanish species, as already demonstrated in T. vulgaris. At the species level, we found a tendency for a positive association of the average frequency of females with both the relative fecundity of females and the relative allocation into male function in hermaphrodites. Among natural populations within each of the three species in contrast, these traits were not significantly related to each other. We propose that temporal variation of female frequency in natural populations prevents natural selection from adjusting female frequency and reproductive parameters.1 aManicacci, Domenica1 aAtlan, Anne1 aRossello, Juana, Anna Elena1 aCouvet, Denis  uhttps://thymus.myspecies.info/ref/gynodioecy-and-reproductive-trait-variation-three-thymus-species-lamiaceae01558nas a2200169   4500008004100000245013600041210006900177260026900246300001400515490000700529520068400536100001301220700001701233700002501250700001601275856009701291       1998                        eng d00aEvaluation of the preservative properties of Thymus vulgaris essential oil in topically applied formulations under a challenge test0 aEvaluation of the preservative properties of Thymus vulgaris ess  aAffiliation: Lab. V. Algemene en Biol. Scheikunde, Brussels, Belgium; Affiliation: Lab. de Microbiologie et d'Hyg., Fac. de Med. et de Pharmacie, Institut de Pharmacie, Brussels, Belgium; Affiliation: Lab. V. Algemene en Biol. Scheikunde, LK, Lokaal 6 G 3c1998///  a368 - 3760 v843 aThe preservative properties of thyme essential oil (3%) with a known composition were evaluated in two types of final formulations, suitable for use as pharmaceutical or cosmetic vehicles, by means of a standard challenge test proposed by the latest European Pharmacopoeia. The required preservation efficacy criteria were satisfied against the bacterial strains, against the yeast in one of the formulations, but not against the mould strait involved in this study. Interactions between the essential oil compounds and other factors present in the final formulation might have influenced the activity of this essential oil, leading to an incomplete satisfaction of the criteria.1 aManou, I1 aBouillard, L1 aDevleeschouwer, M, J1 aBarel, A, O  uhttp://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0031898062&partnerID=40&rel=R6.5.001057nas a2200169   4500008004100000245006100041210005800102260026900160300001400429490000800443520027100451653002200722653001300744100001500757700001800772856009700790       1998                        eng d00aTypification of the name Thymus serpyllum L. (Lamiaceae)0 aTypification of the name Thymus serpyllum L Lamiaceae  aAffiliation: Institute of Botany, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 14, SK-842 23 Bratislava, Slovakia; Affiliation: University of Osnabrück, Fachbereich Biologie/Chemie, Spezielle Botanik, Barbarastrasse 11, D-49076 Osnabrück, Germany; c1998///  a271 - 2760 v1283 aLectotypification of the name Thymus serpyllum L. (Lamiaceae) is presented. The name is typified by a specimen from the Burser herbarium (UPS), the only one which corresponds well with the present concept of T. serpyllum and undoubtedly represents original material.10aHistorical botany10aLabiatae1 aMarhold, K1 aMártonfi, P  uhttp://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0032434787&partnerID=40&rel=R6.5.001825nas a2200289   4500008004100000245010200041210006900143260015600212300001200368490000800380520085200388653001201240653001001252653002201262653001401284653002301298653001101321653001401332653001301346653001401359653001201373653001101385653001601396653001101412100001501423856009701438       1998                        eng d00aContributions to the flora of the city of Zurich. VI. Dicotyledones 4 (Umbelliferae bis Labiatae)0 aContributions to the flora of the city of Zurich VI Dicotyledone  aAffiliation: Geobotanisches Institut, Eidgenössischen Tech. Hochsch., Stiftung Rübel, Zürichbergstr. 38, CH-8044 Zürich, Switzerlandc1998/06//  a39 - 560 v1083 aThe sixth contribution to the flora of Zurich deals with 104 genera and 17 families among others Umbelliferae, Boraginaceae and Labiatae. Of the 222 species studied, 155 are or were more or less established in the region. 26 (17 %) of these species disappeared, 49 (31 %) decreased in frequency, 25 (16 %) colonized newly various areas of the region and 8 (5 %) are more frequent today. 43 (18 %) species show about the same distribution and frequency today as 160 years ago.The remaining 4 species were possibly overlooked by Kolliker(1839). The following critical groups were analyzed more closely: Aethusa cynapium s. l., Pastinaca sativa a. l., Monotropa hypopitys s. l., Primula vulgaris-elatior-veris, Myosotis palustris s. l., Ajuga reptans-genevensis, Galeopsis tetrahit s. l., Lamium galeobdolon s. l., Thymus serpyllum s. l., and Mentha.10aAethusa10aAjuga10aDistribution maps10aGaleopsis10aLamium galeobdolon10aMentha10aMonotropa10aMyosotis10aPastinaca10aPrimula10aThymus10aUrban flora10aZurich1 aLandolt, E  uhttp://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0031597299&partnerID=40&rel=R6.5.002648nas a2200253   4500008004100000245006800041210006600109260011100175300001400286490000600300520181900306653001902125653001402144653000902158653002502167653001002192653001402202653001902216653002402235653001002259653001102269100001602280856009802296       1998                        eng d00aFood-borne pathogens, health and role of dietary phytochemicals0 aFoodborne pathogens health and role of dietary phytochemicals  aAffiliation: Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amtierst, MA, United Statesc1998///  a270 - 2760 v73 aInfectious diseases transmitted by food have become a major public health concern in recent years. In the USA alone, there are an estimated 6-33 million cases each year. The list of responsible agents continues to grow. In the past 20 years some dozen new pathogens that are primarily food-borne have been identified. Fruits and vegetables, often from the global food market, have been added to the traditional vehicles of food-borne illness; that is, undercooked meat, poultry, seafood, or unpasteurized milk. Such products are minimally processed and have fewer barriers to microbial growth such as salt, sugar or preservatives. The evolution of the epidemiology of food-borne illness requires a rethinking of traditional, though still valid, solutions for their prevention. Among various strategies to prevent food-borne pathogens, use of dietary phytochemicals is promising. The major obstacle in the use of dietary phytochemical is the consistency of phytochemicals in different foods due to their natural genetic variation. We have developed a novel tissue-culture-based selection strategy to isolate elite phenolic phytochemical-producing clonal lines of species belonging to the family Lamiaceae. Among several species we have targeted elite clonal lines of thyme (Thymus vulgaris) and oregano (Origanum vulgare) against Escherichia coli and Closiridiiim perfrigens in fresh and processed meats. We are also evaluating high phenolic profile-containing clonal lines of basil (Ocimitm basilicum) to inhibit gastric ulcer-causing Helicobacter pylori. Other elite lines of the members of the family Lamiaceae, rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) and salvia (Salvia officinalis) also hold promise against a wide range of food pathogens such as Salmonella species in poultry products and Vibrio species in seafood.10aAntimicrobials10aCarvacrol10aDiet10aFood-borne pathogens10aHerbs10aLamiaceae10aPhytochemicals10aPlant biotechnology10aThyme10aThymol1 aLabbe, R, G  uhttp://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-22444453503&partnerID=40&rel=R6.5.001736nas a2200253   4500008004100000245009300041210006900134260021700203300001400420490000700434520073900441653001201180653001201192653002301204653001801227653003001245653001401275653003001289100002001319700001201339700001801351700001601369856009701385       1998                        eng d00aComposition and infraspecific variability of essential oil from Thymus herba barona Lois0 aComposition and infraspecific variability of essential oil from   aAffiliation: Université de Corse, Equipe Chimie et Biomasse, CRES-URA CNRS 2053, Route des Sanguinaires, 20000 Ajaccio, France; Affiliation: Université de Corse, CEVAREN, BP 52, 20250 Corte, Francec1998/12//  a915 - 9320 v263 aThe composition of the essential oils of individual plants of Thymus herba barona Lois. growing wild in Corsica was investigated by GC, GC/MS an carbon-13 NMR. Eight groups of essential oil were distinguished: (i) thymol, (ii) carvacrol; (iii) linalool, (iv) geraniol, (v) alpha-terpenyl acetate, (vi) terpinen-4-ol, (vii) carvone and cis-dihydrocarvone. Three chemotypes -thymol, carvacrol and linalool - are common in the genus Thymus, two others - geraniol, a-terpenyl acetate - are scarce, while the latest three ones - terpinen-4-ol, carvone and cis-dihydrocarvone are quite original. It is the first time that the cis-dihydrocarvone chemotype is described in the genus Thymus. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.10a13C NMR10aCarvone10aCis-dihydrocarvone10aEssential oil10aInfraspecific variability10aLamiaceae10aThymus herba barona Lois.1 aCorticchiato, M1 aTomi, F1 aBernardini, A1 aCasanova, J  uhttp://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0032391340&partnerID=40&rel=R6.5.000943nas a2200169   4500008004100000245005700041210005700098260001400155300001600169490000700185520044500192100001600637700001300653700001300666700001300679856008100692       1998                        eng d00aVariability of the essential oil of Thymus piperella0 aVariability of the essential oil of Thymus piperella  c1998/04//  a1271 - 12760 v473 aChemometric investigation of the infraspecific variability of the essential oil of 31 populations of Thymus piperella led to the differentiation of three main chemotypes; type A: p-cymene-carvacrol-gamma-terpinene (11 populations); type B: p-cymene-thymol (5 populations); type C: p-cymene-carvacrol (15 populations). The compound p-cymene is the most abundant constituent in all samples. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.1 aBlanquer, A1 aBoira, H1 aSoler, V1 aPerez, I  uhttps://thymus.myspecies.info/ref/variability-essential-oil-thymus-piperella01405nas a2200145   4500008004100000245009800041210006900139260001400208300001400222490000700236520086200243100001301105700001601118856012501134       1998                        eng d00aEnvironmental factors affecting chemical variability of essential oils in Thymus piperella L.0 aEnvironmental factors affecting chemical variability of essentia  c1998/12//  a811 - 8220 v263 aEnvironmental factors affecting essential oils variability in Thymus piperella L. are studied. The relationship between the bioclimatics index and edaphic factors with three chemotypes is determined through the application of multivariate analysis (CANOCO) and other statistical processes to both ecological and the essential oil data set components. Chemotype p-cymene gamma-terpinene carvacrol shows a positive relationship with the aridity index (I-a) and Altitude. The p-cymene thymol chemotype is related to factors affecting water balance in both the soils and plants. The influence of climatic factors over p-cymene carvacrol is less evident. The compound p-cymene, common to the three chemical groups and the most abundant of all, presents positive correlation with the organic matter in the soil. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.1 aBoira, H1 aBlanquer, A  uhttps://thymus.myspecies.info/ref/environmental-factors-affecting-chemical-variability-essential-oils-thymus-piperella-l01313nas a2200241   4500008004100000245006500041210006500106260026900171300001400440490000700454520034800461653001400809653003000823653001300853653001300866653001100879653002300890100001800913700001500931700001500946700001300961856009700974       1998                        eng d00aComposition of the Essential Oil of Thymus canoviridis Jalas0 aComposition of the Essential Oil of Thymus canoviridis Jalas  aAffiliation: Med. Arom. Plant and Drug Res. Ctr., Anadolu University, 26470 Eskisehir, Turkey; Affiliation: Department of Biology, Facility of Education, Balikesir University, 10100 Balikesir, Turkey; Affiliation: Faculty of Science and Letters, Departmenc1998///  a199 - 2000 v103 aWater-distilled essential oil from the herbal parts of Thymus canoviridis, an endemic species in Turkey, was analyzed by GC/MS. Sixty-four components were characterized representing 99.17% of the total components detected. Carvacrol (29.51%), geraniol (13.25%) and thymol (9.49%) were the major constituents of the oil obtained in 0.61% yield.10aCarvacrol10aEssential oil composition10aGeraniol10aLabiatae10aThymol10aThymus canoviridis1 aBaser, K, H C1 aKirimer, N1 aTümen, G1 aDuman, H  uhttp://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0001549029&partnerID=40&rel=R6.5.000953nas a2200145   4500008004100000245015600041210006900197260001200266300001100278490000800289520034600297100001900643700001500662856013000677       1998                        eng d00aNectar production in Lamiaceae in Eastern Andalucia (Spain) and its influence on the obtainment of monofloral honeys. II. Thymus serpylloides Bory s.l.0 aNectar production in Lamiaceae in Eastern Andalucia Spain and it  c1998///  a9 - 120 v1453 aThe nectar production independent of the floral age in Thymus serpylloides Bory subsp. serpylloides and Th. serpylloides subsp. gadorensis (Pau) Jalas, for both hermaphrodite and female individuals, has been compared. We report nectar volumes produced per hermaphrodite flower over a twenty-four hour period, as a function of the floral age.1 aArrebola, M, L1 aSocorro, O  uhttps://thymus.myspecies.info/ref/nectar-production-lamiaceae-eastern-andalucia-spain-and-its-influence-obtainment-monofloral