01266nas a2200217   4500008004100000245012300041210006900164260012600233300001400359490000700373520026100380653001600641653002200657653001500679653001400694653002200708100002100730700001900751700001800770856026000788       2002                        eng d00aGenetic variation for sexual dimorphism in flower size within and between populations of gynodioecious Thymus vulgaris0 aGenetic variation for sexual dimorphism in flower size within an  aAffiliation: Ctr. d'Ecol. Fonction. et Evolutive, CNRS, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, Francec2002/05//  a362 - 3720 v153 aThere has been very little empirical study of quantitative genetic variation in flower size in sexually dimorphic plant species, despite the frequent occurrence of flower size differences between sexual phenotypes. In this study we quantify the nature of q10aFlower size10aGenetic variation10aGynodioecy10aLamiaceae10aSexual dimorphism1 aThompson, J., D.1 aRolland, A.-G.1 aPrugnolle, F.  uhttp://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0036095449&partnerID=40&rel=R6.5.0http://muse.lib.auth.gr:9797/com/blackwell-synergy/?MuseHost=www.blackwell-synergy.com&MuseFirst=1&prevSearch=allfield:(thymus+AND+(labiatae+OR+lamiaceae))&StartMu01875nas a2200217   4500008004100000245010700041210006900148260016800217300001200385490000600397520103300403653001901436653001101455653001901466653002001485653001401505653001001519653001501529100001601544856009701560       2002                        eng d00aInfluence of ultra-high carbon dioxide levels on growth and morphogenesis of Lamiaceae species in soil0 aInfluence of ultrahigh carbon dioxide levels on growth and morph  aAffiliation: USDA, Natl. Ctr. Agricultur. Utiliz. Res., Ferment. Biochemistry Research Unit, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, United Statesc2002///  a81 - 890 v93 aThe growth and morphogenesis of spearmint (Mentha spicata L.), thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.), and water mint (Mentha aquatica L.) were determined after four weeks under various levels of CO2. Those plants grown in a greenhouse in ultra-high CO2 levels (≥3,000 μl CO2/liter) had increased fresh weight, and leaf, root, and shoot numbers as compared with plants grown under the same conditions in ambient air or in high CO2 levels (7,500 μl CO2/liter). For example, fresh weight of spearmint and water mint increased 150 and 220 percent, respectively, under 10,000 μl CO2/liter as compared with growth under 350 μl CO2/liter. Thyme fresh weight increased 160 percent under 3,000 μl CO2/liter as compared with growth under ambient air. Shoot cultures given an elevated CO2 (10,000 μl CO2/liter) pretreatment invariably exhibited higher rates of growth and morphogenesis upon transfer to soil as compared with shoots pretreated with ambient air, regardless if the plant was subsequently grown in ambient or elevated CO2 levels.10aCO2 enrichment10aGrowth10aRoot formation10aShoot formation10aSpearmint10aThyme10aWater mint1 aTisserat, B  uhttp://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0036200944&partnerID=40&rel=R6.5.002657nas a2200217   4500008004100000245014400041210006900185260027100254300001400525490000700539520167200546653001902218653001402237653001502251653001102266653001802277100001602295700001702311700001402328856009702342       2002                        eng d00aInfluence of modified oxygen and carbon dioxide atmospheres on mint and thyme plant growth, morphogenesis and secondary metabolism in vitro0 aInfluence of modified oxygen and carbon dioxide atmospheres on m  aAffiliation: U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Fermentation Biotechnology Research Unit, 1815 N University St., Peoria, IL 61604, United States; Affiliation: U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Cenc2002/03//  a912 - 9160 v203 aGrowth (fresh weight) and morphogenesis (production of leaves, roots and shoots) of mint (Mentha sp. L.) and thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) shoots were determined under atmospheres of 5%, 10%, 21%, 32%, or 43% O2 with either 350 or 10,000 μmol mol-1 CO2. Plants were grown in vitro on Murashige and Skoog salts, 3% sucrose and 0.8% agar under a 16/8-h (day/night) photoperiod with a light intensity of 180 μmol s-1 m-2. Growth and morphogenesis responses varied considerably for the two plant species tested depending on the level of O2 administered. Growth was considerably enhanced for both species under all O2 levels tested when 10,000 μmol mol-1 CO2 was added as compared to growth responses obtained at the same O2 levels tested with 350 μmol mol-1 CO2. Mint shoots exhibited high growth and morphogenesis responses for all O2 levels tested with 10,000 μmol mol-1 CO2. In contrast, thyme shoots exhibited enhanced growth and morphogenesis when cultured in ≥21% O2 with 10,000 μmol mol-1 CO2 included compared to shoots cultured under lower O2 levels. Essential oil compositions (i.e. monoterpene, piperitenone oxide from mint and aromatic phenol, thymol from thyme) were analyzed from CH2Cl2 extracts via gas chromatography from the shoot portion of plants grown at all O2 levels. The highest levels of thymol were produced from thyme shoots cultured under 10% and 21% O2 with 10,000 μmol mol-1 CO2 and levels were considerably lower in shoots grown under either lower or higher O2 levels. Higher levels of piperitenone oxide were obtained from mint cultures grown under ≥21% O2 with 10,000 μmol mol-1 CO2 compared to that obtained with lower O2 levels.10aCO2 enrichment10aLamiaceae10aMentha sp.10aThymol10aThymus sativa1 aTisserat, B1 aVaughn, S, F1 aSilman, R  uhttp://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0036218904&partnerID=40&rel=R6.5.001596nas a2200157   4500008004100000245015600041210006900197260001400266300001600280490000700296520095700303100001301260700001601273700001601289856013301305       2002                        eng d00aAntioxidant activity of chemical components from sage (Salvia officinalis L.) and thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) measured by the oil stability index method0 aAntioxidant activity of chemical components from sage Salvia off  c2002/03//  a1845 - 18510 v503 aA new abietane diterpenoid, 12-O-methyl carnosol (2), was isolated from the leaves of sage (Salvia officinalis L.), together with 11 abietane diterpenoids, 3 apianane terpenoids, 1 anthraquinone, and 8 flavonoids. Antioxidant activity of these compounds along with 4 flavonoids isolated from thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) was evaluated by the oil stability index method using a model substrate oil including methyl linoleate in silicone oil at 90 degreesC. Carnosol, rosmanol, epirosmanol, isorosmanol, galdosol, and carnosic acid exhibited remarkably strong activity, which was comparable to that of alpha-tocopherol. The activity of miltirone, atuntzensin A, luteolin, 7-O-methyl luteolin, and eupafolin was comparable to that of butylated hydroxytoluene. The activity of these compounds was mainly due to the presence of ortho-dihydroxy groups. The 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity of these compounds showed the similar result.1 aMiura, K1 aKikuzaki, H1 aNakatani, N  uhttps://thymus.myspecies.info/ref/antioxidant-activity-chemical-components-sage-salvia-officinalis-l-and-thyme-thymus-vulgaris-l01026nas a2200157   4500008004100000245007400041210006900115260001400184300001400198490000700212520050300219100001500722700001500737700001600752856010000768       2002                        eng d00aHuman platelet aggregation inhibitors from thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.)0 aHuman platelet aggregation inhibitors from thyme Thymus vulgaris  c2002/06//  a398 - 3990 v163 aTwo antiaggregant compounds, thymol (compound 1) and 3,4,3',4'-tetrahydroxy-5,5'-diisopropyl-2,2'-dimethylbiphenyl (compound 2) were isolated from the leaves of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.). The structures were determined by H-1-, C-13-NMR and mass spectra (MS) studies. These compounds inhibited platelet aggregation induced by collagen, ADP, arachidonic acid (AA) and thrombin except that compound 2 did not inhibit platelet aggregation induced by thrombin. Copyright (C) 2002 John Wiley Sons, Ltd.1 aOkazaki, K1 aKawazoe, K1 aTakaishi, Y  uhttps://thymus.myspecies.info/ref/human-platelet-aggregation-inhibitors-thyme-thymus-vulgaris-l02700nas a2200265   4500008004100000245011100041210006900152260001400221300001400235490000700249520183500256653004102091653001502132653002602147653001602173653002702189653001702216653002802233653003902261100002102300700001902321700002702340700001902367856004802386       2002                        eng d00aGC/MS evaluation of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) oil composition and variations during the vegetative cycle.0 aGCMS evaluation of thyme Thymus vulgaris L oil composition and v  c2002/07//  a691 - 7000 v293 aCapillary GC/MS analysis based on polar and non-polar columns has been applied to evaluation of the volatile oils hydrodistilled from thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) plants. The adopted methodology has been used to monitor seasonal variations in the composition of the oil obtained from thyme herbs harvested at different periods during the plant vegetative and life cycles. Oils from thyme plants of young (2 years) and old (5 years) cultivations have been evaluated from four and two collections, respectively, effected throughout May/December growth period. Generally, the oil was found to be rich in the active monoterpene phenols (thymol and carvacrol) and their corresponding monoterpene hydrocarbon (HC) precursors (p-cymene and gamma-terpinene), which collectively showed synchronized patterns of variation during the different collection periods and in different seasons. The oil from old plant collected in May/June period (0.15% v/w) was characterized by significantly lower levels of monoterpene HCs (mainly gamma-terpinene) and the highest levels of the oxygenated monoterpenes (linalool and borneol), monoterpene phenols (mainly thymol) and their derivatives (mainly carvacrol methyl ether), sesquiterpenes (mainly beta-caryophyllene) and their oxygenated derivatives (e.g. caryophyllene oxide) in comparison with all other samples. A characteristic presence of camphor and thymodihydroquinone was also observed in the old plant oils. On the other hand, the young plant, collected in June/July just before the end of the vegetative cycle, provided the best oil yield (1.2%) with also the highest % content of the monoterpene phenols (thymol: 51.2% and carvacrol: 4%). This latter growth period can represent the best harvest time of young thyme plants in order to obtain an essential oil with better quality and quantity.10aGas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry10aPlant Oils10aPlant Oils: chemistry10aPlant Stems10aPlant Stems: chemistry10aThymus Plant10aThymus Plant: chemistry10aThymus Plant: growth & development1 aHudaib, Mohammad1 aSperoni, Ester1 aDi Pietra, Anna, Maria1 aCavrini, Vanni  uhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1209349801222nas a2200157   4500008004100000245006500041210006100106260001200167300001400179490000700193520073100200100001600931700001800947700001300965856008600978       2002                        eng d00aThe in vitro action of essential oils on different organisms0 ain vitro action of essential oils on different organisms  c2002///  a312 - 3180 v143 aThe antifungal action of eight (Lavandula hybrid, Salvia officinalis L., Rosmarinus officinalis L., Thymus vulgaris L., Origanum vulgare L., Mentha piperita L., Coriandrum sativum L. and Laurus nobilis L.) essential oils was tested in vitro against Phytophtora cinnamomi Rads., Pyrenochaeta lycopersici Kleb. and Verticillium dahliae Kleb., using different concentrations (up to 1600 ppm). The fungistatic + fungicidal activity of the oils was determined, and the most effective essential oils were found to be those of oregano, thyme, peppermint and coriander. Moreover, the oils were tested to determine the antifungal activity against two fungi (Candida albicans, Trichophyton mentagrophytes) that are pathogens for humans.1 aGiamperi, L1 aFraternale, D1 aRicci, D  uhttps://thymus.myspecies.info/ref/vitro-action-essential-oils-different-organisms00463nas a2200145   4500008004100000245005000041210005000091260001400141300001400155490000800169100003100177700003100208700002000239856005800259       2002                        eng d00aKaryotaxonomy of Greek serpentine angiosperms0 aKaryotaxonomy of Greek serpentine angiosperms  c2002/05//  a109 - 1240 v1391 aConstantinidis, Theophanis1 aBareka, Eleftheria-Perdiko1 aKamari, Georgia  uhttp://doi.wiley.com/10.1046/j.1095-8339.2002.00044.x00992nas a2200169   4500008004100000245008200041210006900123260013200192300001200324490000700336520030500343100002400648700001800672700001600690700001900706856009700725       2002                        eng d00aAntibacterial activity, HPTLC and GLC studies of volatiles of Thymus vulgaris0 aAntibacterial activity HPTLC and GLC studies of volatiles of Thy  aAffiliation: Bhavans Swami Prakashananda Ayurveda, Research Centre, 13th North-South Road, Juhu, Mumbai 400 049, Indiac2002///  a41 - 410 v393 aEssential oil of Thymus vulgaris (Linn. Lamiaceae) and the hexane extract were screened for antibacterial activity. Thyme oil showed promising activity as compared to the hexane extract. Both the thyme oil and hexane extract were subjected to GLC and HPTLC analysis, revealing the presence of thymol.1 aCalcuttawalla, A, I1 aPandita, N, S1 aBhatt, R, M1 aVaidya, A, D B  uhttp://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0036229010&partnerID=40&rel=R6.5.001578nas a2200145   4500008004100000245006700041210006700108260010900175300001400284490000700298520099300305653001901298100001801317856009701335       2002                        eng d00aAromatic biodiversity among the flowering plant taxa of Turkey0 aAromatic biodiversity among the flowering plant taxa of Turkey  aAffiliation: Anadolu University, Med./Arom. Plant/Drug Res. Centre, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkeyc2002/04//  a527 - 5450 v743 aFlora of Turkey is rich and diverse with well over 11000 flowering taxa recorded in the 9-volume set of Prof. Davis's monumental work and its two supplements. Chemical diversity among the flowering plants of Turkey is well documented in the recently published volume 11 of the Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands. Among the aromatic taxa, remarkable examples can be found in families such as Labiatae, Compositae, Umbelliferae, etc. The occurrence of volatile chemicals in aromatic plants is not only an indication of chemical diversity but may also help solve taxonomical problems is comprehensively studied genera. Aromatic diversity is illustrated with examples from genera such as Sideritis, Salvia, Thymus, Origanum, Satureja, Thymbra, Mentha, Micromeria, Ziziphora, Calamintha, Cyclotrichium, Acinos, Echinophora, Ferulago, Heracleum, Pimpinella, Tanacetum, and Betula. The economic implications of aromatic biodiversity and the importance of bioprospecting are highlighted.10aEssential oils1 aBaser, K, H C  uhttp://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0036290053&partnerID=40&rel=R6.5.001244nas a2200265   4500008004100000245008800041210006900129260012900198300001200327490000700339520033300346653001400679653001800693653001400711653001300725653001100738653003800749653002000787100001800807700001500825700001500840700001300855700001300868856009700881       2002                        eng d00aThe essential oils of Thymus migricus and T. fedtschenkoi var. handelii from Turkey0 aessential oils of Thymus migricus and T fedtschenkoi var handeli  aAffiliation: Anadolu University, Medicinal and Aromatic Plant, Drug Research Centre TBAM, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkeyc2002///  a41 - 450 v173 aThe essential oils of Thymus migricus Klokov et Des.-Shost. and T. fedtschenkoi Ronniger var. handelii (Ronniger) Jalas were obtained by hydrodistillation, and analysed by GC-MS. The main components in the essential oils were found to be carvacrol and thymol and linalool, respectively. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.10aCarvacrol10aEssential oil10aLamiaceae10aLinalool10aThymol10aThymus fedtschenkoi var. handelii10aThymus migricus1 aBaser, K, H C1 aDemirci, B1 aKirimer, N1 aSatil, F1 aTumen, G  uhttp://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0036151470&partnerID=40&rel=R6.5.002326nas a2200157   4500008004100000245010400041210006900145260001200214300001400226490000700240520174200247100001701989700001802006700002002024856012402044       2002                        eng d00aEffects of temperature and pretreatments on seed germination of nine semiarid species from NE Spain0 aEffects of temperature and pretreatments on seed germination of   c2002///  a103 - 1120 v503 aThe aim of this work was to study the seed germination characteristics, under different incubation temperatures and using different pretreatments for promoting germination, of nine species, Boleum asperum (Pers.) Desvaux, Centaurea pinnata Pau, Halopeplis amplexicaulis (Vahl.) Ung.-Sternb, Krascheninnikovia ceratoides (L.) Gueldenst, Lythrum flexuosum Lag., Microcnemum coralloides (Loscos & Pardo) Buen, Pucinellia pungens (Pau) Paunero, Thymus loscosii Willk., and Vella pseudocytisus L. subsp. paui Gomez Campo, that grow in semiarid regions of NE Spain. In eight of these species, seeds collected from several (2-9) populations were tested. Constant 15 degreesC, 20 degreesC, or 25 degreesC, and alternating 15/25 degreesC temperature regimes and 16/8 hours light/dark photoperiod conditions were used. In seeds from the different populations of Halopeplis amplexicaulis and Microcnemum coralloides, manual scarification, dry heat, and soaking in gibberellic acid solution were used as pretreatments applied for enhancing germination. Germination variables recorded were final germination percentage and germination rate (T,,). Incubation temperatures had a significant effect on the final germination percentage in five species, while germination rate was differentially affected by temperature in only two species. Significant differences among populations under the same temperature were detected for both germination percentage and germination rate in most of the species studied. In general, both final germination percentage and germination rate of H. amplexicaulis and M. coralloides were increased by the pretreatments assayed. In these two species, the highest germination percentages were reached by manual scarification.1 aAlbert, M, J1 aIriondo, J, M1 aPerez-Garcia, F  uhttps://thymus.myspecies.info/ref/effects-temperature-and-pretreatments-seed-germination-nine-semiarid-species-ne-spain01058nas a2200157   4500008004100000245012700041210006900168260001200237300001400249490000700263520044700270100001700717700002000734700001500754856013100769       2002                        eng d00aComposition of the essential oil of Thymus pubescens boiss. et Kotschy ex Celak and Thymus fedtschenkoi Ronniger from Iran0 aComposition of the essential oil of Thymus pubescens boiss et Ko  c2002///  a154 - 1550 v143 aWater-distilled essential oils from aerial parts of Thymus fedtschenkoi and Thymus pubescens collected from three different localities in Iran were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The oil of T.fedtschenkoi contained thymol (31.8%), carvacrol (24.3%), p-cyrnene (12.3%) and 1,8-cineole (5.8%). The oils of T. pubescens contained thymol (63.4%, 11.1%), alpha-terpineol (19.2%), limonene (1.2%, 8.8%), p-cymene (4.0%, 5.0%) and carvacrol (3.7%, 0.4%).1 aAbousaber, M1 aHadjakhoondi, A1 aShafiee, A  uhttps://thymus.myspecies.info/ref/composition-essential-oil-thymus-pubescens-boiss-et-kotschy-ex-celak-and-thymus-fedtschenkoi