02718nas a2200181   4500008004100000245007900041210006900120260001400189300001400203490000700217520212400224100001802348700001402366700001702380700001902397700001902416856010102435       2007                        eng d00aThe effect of thyme extract on beta(2)-receptors and mucociliary clearance0 aeffect of thyme extract on beta2receptors and mucociliary cleara  c2007/06//  a629 - 6350 v733 aThyme is a broncholytic und secretomotoric agent. Thus, our aim was to investigate the influence of a thyme extract on beta(2)-receptors in competition binding experiments and relaxation experiments on rat uteri and trachea. Furthermore, the influence of the extract on respiratory clearance was of interest. Binding experiments were performed using purified rat lung membranes with the beta(2)-receptor ligand [I-125]-Cyp {[I-125]-(+/-)-lodocyanopindolol}. The transport of the fluorescence dye rhodamin 123 concerning ciliary action in the tracheal area of a mouse was investigated using a microdialysis technique. The thyme extract reduces only slightly [I-125]-CYP binding and amplifies the displacement of [I-125]-CYP by propranolol (non-specific P-receptor antagonist): the displacement curve in the concentration range representing beta(2)-receptors (nM) is shifted to the left. Thyme extract had relaxing effects on organs possessing beta(2)-receptors (uterus and trachea). The propranolol-induced antagonism to isoprenaline is reverted concentration-dependently by the extract. A duplication of the rate of ciliary clearance by the extract was ob-served. In conclusion: 1) There is evidence for an influence of a thyme extract on beta(2)-receptors by both binding studies and biological effects: As can be derived from the shift of the propranotol displacement curve (nM), ingredients of the thyme extract slightly interact with beta(2)-receptors in rat lung tissue. This effect is indirect since no full range competition curve was reached. 2) An at least indirect interaction with beta(2)-receptors in rat uteri and trachea is revealed by a decreased antagonism of propranolol on the relaxing effect of isoprenaline by the plant extract. 3) An additional mechanism is presumed because at high extract concentrations isoprenaline-induced relaxation is complete, whereas the displacement of propranolol at beta(2)-receptors is only weak. 4) Thyme extract has an indirect (modulatory) effect on the beta(2)-receptor system. 5) Mucociliary clearance is improved in vivo. Its mechanism has still to be elucidated.1 aWienkotter, N1 aBegrow, F1 aKinzinger, U1 aSchierstedt, D1 aVerspohl, E, J  uhttps://thymus.myspecies.info/ref/effect-thyme-extract-beta2-receptors-and-mucociliary-clearance02265nas a2200181   4500008004100000245013400041210006900175260001400244300001600258490000700274520158400281100001701865700001701882700002001899700001301919700001801932856013301950       2006                        eng d00aAntiviral effect of aqueous extracts from species of the Lamiaceae family against Herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 in vitro0 aAntiviral effect of aqueous extracts from species of the Lamiace  c2006/12//  a1378 - 13820 v723 aAqueous extracts from species of the Lamiaceae family were examined for their antiviral activity against Herpes simplex virus (HSV). Extracts from lemon balm (Melissa officinalis), peppermint (Mentha x piperita), prunella (Prunella vulgaris), rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis), sage (Salvia officinalis) and thyme (Thymus vulgaris) were screened. Their inhibitory activity against Herpes simplex virus type I (IHISV-1), type 2 (HSV-2) and an acyclovir-resistant strain of HSV-1 (ACV(res)) was tested in vitro on RC-37 cells in a plaque reduction assay. The 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of the extracts for HSV plaque formation were determined in dose-response studies. All test compounds showed a high antiviral activity against HSV-1, HSV-2 and ACV(res). in order to identify the mode of antiviral action, the extracts were added to the cells or viruses at different stages of infection. Both types of Herpes virus including ACVres were considerably neutralized after treatment with the extracts prior to infection. At maximum non-cytotoxic concentrations of the extracts, plaque formation was significantly reduced by > 90% for HSV-1 and HSV-2 and > 85% for ACV(res). In time-response studies over a period of 2 hours, a clearly time-dependent activity was demonstrated. These results indicate that the extracts affect HSV before adsorption, but have no effect on the intracellular virus replication. Therefore, the extracts exert their antiviral effect on free HSV and offer a chance to use them for topical therapeutic application against recurrent Herpes infections.1 aNolkemper, S1 aReichling, J1 aStintzing, F, C1 aCarle, R1 aSchnitzler, P  uhttps://thymus.myspecies.info/ref/antiviral-effect-aqueous-extracts-species-lamiaceae-family-against-herpes-simplex-virus-type-101265nas a2200169   4500008004100000245013800041210006900179260001400248300001400262490000700276520061600283100001500899700001700914700001900931700001700950856012800967       1999                        eng d00aAntispasmodic activity of Thymus vulgaris extract on the isolated guinea-pig trachea: Discrimination between drug and ethanol effects0 aAntispasmodic activity of Thymus vulgaris extract on the isolate  c1999/08//  a512 - 5160 v653 aThe effect of an extract of Thymus vulgaris on induced spasms was investigated on guinea-pig trachea preparations. By the experimental setup used, effects of ethanol as the vehicle could be differentiated from the activity of the herbal constituents. The extract reversibly and concentration-dependently antagonized the contraction of the Musculus transversus tracheae, provoked by four different spasmogens (BaCl2, carbachol, histamine, prostaglandin F-2 alpha). The degree of the antispasmodic activity was dependent on the individual spasmogen with prostaglandin F-2 alpha being most efficiently antagonized.1 aMeister, A1 aBernhardt, G1 aChristoffel, V1 aBuschauer, A  uhttps://thymus.myspecies.info/ref/antispasmodic-activity-thymus-vulgaris-extract-isolated-guinea-pig-trachea-discrimination01377nas a2200205   4500008004100000245005100041210005100092260001400143300001400157490000700171520080800178100001700986700001301003700001601016700001201032700001501044700001401059700001601073856008201089       1996                        eng d00aAntiperoxidative components in Thymus vulgaris0 aAntiperoxidative components in Thymus vulgaris  c1996/06//  a217 - 2210 v623 aA biphenyl compound, 3,4,3',4'-tetrahydroxy-5,5'-diisopropyl-2,2'-dimethylbiphenyl (1), and a flavonoid, eriodicytol (2), were isolated as antioxidative components from the leaves of Thymus vulgaris by bioassay-directed fractionation. These compounds inhibited superoxide anion production in the xanthine/xanthine oxidase system. Mitochondrial and microsomal lipid peroxidation induced by Fe(III)-ADP/NADH or Fe(III)-ADP/NADPH were also inhibited by these compounds. Compound 1 is an extremely potent antioxidant; complete inhibition was observed at 1 mu M against both microsomal and mitochondrial peroxidation. Furthermore, compound 1 protected red cells against oxidative hemolysis. These phenolic compounds were shown to be effective to protect biological systems against various oxidative stresses.1 aHaraguchi, H1 aSaito, T1 aIshikawa, H1 aDate, H1 aKataoka, S1 aTamura, Y1 aMizutani, K  uhttps://thymus.myspecies.info/ref/antiperoxidative-components-thymus-vulgaris00659nas a2200145   4500008004100000245008100041210006900122260014100191300001400332490000700346100001200353700001700365700001500382856011600397       1987                        eng d00aSeasonal variation of essential oil yield and composition of Thymus hyemalis0 aSeasonal variation of essential oil yield and composition of Thy  aAffiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmacodinamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18001-Granada, Spainc1987///  a380 - 3820 v531 aCabo, J1 aCrespo, M, E1 aJimenez, J  uhttp://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0023255626&partnerID=40&md5=320af6f8811b0d9c52334f07a735f137