02067nas a2200157   4500008004100000020001400041245015900055210006900214260001200283300001400295490001100309520140000320100001301720700001401733856016201747       2000                        eng d  a0021-856100aAzo dye-mediated regulation of total phenolics and peroxidase activity in thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) and rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) clonal lines0 aAzo dyemediated regulation of total phenolics and peroxidase act  c2000///  a932 - 9370 v48; 483 aThyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) and rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) clonal lines, which were previously isolated from a heterogeneous seed population by plant tissue culture techniques, have been targeted as potential plants for phytoremediation of organic pollutants such as azo dyes and related aromatic compounds. Three thyme clonal lines and three rosemary clonal lines were tested for the ability to grow on hormone-free medium containing 0.01% of azo dye Poly S-119. The results showed that dye tolerance was associated with reduced phenolics and enhanced peroxidase activity in these clonal lines. There was a clear inverse correlation between total phenolics and peroxidase activity in these plants in response to Poly S-119. The tolerance of these clonal lines showed variations at different growing stages. These observations suggested that the peroxidase activity was inducible. Because peroxidases are involved in lignification, wound healing, aromatic compound degradation, pathogen defense, and stiffening, the results suggest that azo dye stimulated the defense response of thyme and rosemary clonal plants by increasing the peroxidase activity. Stereomicroscopic observations revealed that the azo dye was sequestered within the growing axis of the plant roots, which may also enhance the polymerization of azo dye onto the cell wall with the help of enhanced peroxidase activity1 aZheng, Z1 aShetty, K  uhttp://muse.lib.auth.gr:9797/com/csa/?MuseHost=www-mi2.csa.com&MuseFirst=1&id=2&recnum=8&SID=b8599c660c0d7abb640bacacd8dd54da&MusePath=/ids70/view_record.php01490nas a2200241   4500008004100000245006000041210005700101260026900158300001600427490000700443520053400450653002700984653001001011653002301021100001201044700001601056700001501072700001701087700001701104700001601121700001401137856009701151       1999                        eng d00aAcetophenone glycosides from thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.)0 aAcetophenone glycosides from thyme Thymus vulgaris L  aAffiliation: Department of Food Science, Rutgers, Stt. Univ. of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-8520, United States; Affiliation: Laboratory for Cancer Research, College of Pharmacy, Rutgers, Stt. Univ. of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08855-0789, Unitedc1999///  a1911 - 19140 v473 aFour acetophenone glycosides were isolated from the butanol-soluble fraction of thyme extracts. Their structures were determined by spectral methods (MS, NMR, and 2D-NMR). Among them, two new compounds, 4- hydroxyacetophenone 4-O-[5-O-(3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxybenzoyl)-β-D- apiofuranosyl]-(1-2)-β-D-glucopyranoside (1) and 4-hydroxyacetophenone 4-O- [5-O-(4-hydroxybenzoyl)β-D-apiofuranosyl]-(1-2)-β-D-glucopyranoside (2), were determined. Compound 1 showed weak cytotoxicity, inhibiting DNA synthesis of human leukemia cells.10aAcetophenone glycoside10aThyme10aThymus vulgaris L.1 aWang, M1 aKikuzaki, H1 aLin, C, -C1 aKahyaoglu, A1 aHuang, M, -T1 aNakatani, N1 aHo, C, -T  uhttp://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0032821909&partnerID=40&rel=R6.5.002218nas a2200217   4500008004100000245016300041210006900204260001400273300001600287490000700303520143500310100001701745700001401762700001501776700001401791700001501805700001801820700001701838700001301855856013201868       2004                        eng d00aComposition and functional properties of the essential oil of Amazonian basil, Ocimum micranthum Willd., Labiatae in comparison with commercial essential oils0 aComposition and functional properties of the essential oil of Am  c2004/06//  a3486 - 34910 v523 aWild Amazonian basil Ocimum micranthum Willd. (O. campechianum, Mill.) Labiatae essential oil was analyzed by GC and GC-MS: 31 compounds were identified. The main components were eugenol (46.55 +/- 5.11 %), beta-caryophyllene (11.94 +/- 1.31 %), and beta-elemene (9.06 +/- 0.99%), while a small amount of linalool (1.49 +/- 0.16%) was detected. The oil was tested for its in vitro food-related biological activities and compared with common basil Ocimum basilicum and Thymus vulgaris commercial essential oils. Radical scavenging activity was evaluated employing 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. The oil exerted a good capacity to act as a nonspecific donor of hydrogen atoms or electrons when checked in the diphenylpicrylhydrazyl assay, quenching 76,61 +/- 0.33% of the radical, with values higher than those reported by reference oils. In the beta-carotene bleaching test, the oil provided an antioxidant efficacy comparable with that of O. basilicum and T. vulgaris essential oils. These data were confirmed by photochemiluminescence, where the oil showed a remarkable antioxidant capacity (2.39 +/- 0.1), comparable to that of Trolox and vitamin E, and higher than the other essential oils. Antibacterial activity of O. micranthum essential oil was evaluated against Gram positive and Gram negative bacterial strains. The oil showed a dose-dependent antifungal activity against pathogenic and food spoiling yeasts.1 aSacchetti, G1 aMedici, A1 aMaietti, S1 aRadice, N1 aMuzzoli, M1 aManfredini, S1 aBraccioli, E1 aBruni, R  uhttps://thymus.myspecies.info/ref/composition-and-functional-properties-essential-oil-amazonian-basil-ocimum-micranthum-willd-002893nas a2200337   4500008004100000020001400041245016300055210006900218260027100287300001600558490000700574520141600581653002701997653002402024653002502048653001802073653001202091653002202103653002102125653001502146100001702161700001402178700001502192700001402207700001802221700001802239700001702257700001302274700001402287856025402301       2004                        eng d  a0021-856100aComposition and functional properties of the essential oil of Amazonian basil, Ocimum micranthum Willd., Labiatae in comparison with commercial essential oils0 aComposition and functional properties of the essential oil of Am  aAffiliation: Dipto. delle Risorse Nat. e Cultur., Universita degli Studi di Ferrara, C.so Porta Mare 2, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy; Affiliation: Fundacion Chankuap, Macas, Ecuador; Affiliation: Dipto. di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Ferrara, via Fosc2004/06//  a3486 - 34910 v523 aWild Amazonian basil Ocimum micranthum Willd. (O. campechianum Mill.) Labiatae essential oil was analyzed by GC and GC-MS: 31 compounds were identified. The main components were eugenol (46.55 ± 5.11%), β-caryophyllene (11.94 ± 1.31%), β-elemene (9.06 ± 0.99%), while a small amount of linalool (1.49 ± 0.16%) was detected. The oil was tested for its in vitro food-related biological activities and compared with common basil Ocimum basilicum and Thymus vulgaris commercial essential oils. Radical scavenging activity was evaluated employing 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. The oil exerted a good capacity to act as a nonspecific donor of hydrogen atoms or electrons when checked in the diphenylpicrylhydrazyl assay, quenching 76,61 ± 0.33% of the radical, with values higher than those reported by reference oils. In the β-carotene bleaching test, the oil provided an antioxidant efficacy comparable with that of O. basilicum and T. vulgaris essential oils. These data were confirmed by photochemiluminescence, where the oil showed a remarkable antioxidant capacity (2.39 ± 0.1), comparable to that of Trolox and vitamin E, and higher than the other essential oils. Antibacterial activity of O. micranthum essential oil was evaluated against Gram positive and Gram negative bacterial strains. The oil showed a dose-dependent antifungal activity against pathogenic and food spoiling yeasts.10aAntibacterial activity10aAntifungal activity10aAntioxidant activity10aEssential oil10aEugenol10aOcimum micranthum10aβ-caryophyllene10aβ-elemene1 aSacchetti, G1 aMedici, A1 aMaietti, S1 aRadice, N1 aMuzzoli, M, V1 aManfredini, S1 aBraccioli, E1 aBruni, R1 aRadice, M  uhttp://muse.lib.auth.gr:9797/com/csa/?MuseHost=www-mi2.csa.com&MuseFirst=1&id=2&recnum=4&SID=54cb5ee3ad7ac982e501634b8323fbe4&MusePath=/ids70/view_record.phphttp://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-2542456938&partnerID=40&rel=R6.5.001596nas a2200157   4500008004100000245015600041210006900197260001400266300001600280490000700296520095700303100001301260700001601273700001601289856013301305       2002                        eng d00aAntioxidant activity of chemical components from sage (Salvia officinalis L.) and thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) measured by the oil stability index method0 aAntioxidant activity of chemical components from sage Salvia off  c2002/03//  a1845 - 18510 v503 aA new abietane diterpenoid, 12-O-methyl carnosol (2), was isolated from the leaves of sage (Salvia officinalis L.), together with 11 abietane diterpenoids, 3 apianane terpenoids, 1 anthraquinone, and 8 flavonoids. Antioxidant activity of these compounds along with 4 flavonoids isolated from thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) was evaluated by the oil stability index method using a model substrate oil including methyl linoleate in silicone oil at 90 degreesC. Carnosol, rosmanol, epirosmanol, isorosmanol, galdosol, and carnosic acid exhibited remarkably strong activity, which was comparable to that of alpha-tocopherol. The activity of miltirone, atuntzensin A, luteolin, 7-O-methyl luteolin, and eupafolin was comparable to that of butylated hydroxytoluene. The activity of these compounds was mainly due to the presence of ortho-dihydroxy groups. The 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity of these compounds showed the similar result.1 aMiura, K1 aKikuzaki, H1 aNakatani, N  uhttps://thymus.myspecies.info/ref/antioxidant-activity-chemical-components-sage-salvia-officinalis-l-and-thyme-thymus-vulgaris-l01657nas a2200193   4500008004100000245014500041210006900186260009600255300001600351490000700367520084700374653002401221653003201245653003001277653002601307100001501333700001801348856009701366       1999                        eng d00aThe main citral-geraniol and carvacrol chemotypes of the essential oil of Thymus pulegioides L. growing wild in Vilnius district (Lithuania)0 amain citralgeraniol and carvacrol chemotypes of the essential oi  aAffiliation: Institute of Chemistry, Goshtauto Str. 9, Vilnius, LT-2600, Lithuaniac1999///  a3787 - 37900 v473 aThymus pulegioides L. with lemon and carvacrol odor form the major part of plants growing wild in all 10 investigated localities during 1995-1997. The main components of the citral-geraniol chemotype of lemon-scented essential oil are the following (%): geraniol (14.9-30.8), geranial (transcitral, 9.7-19.7), β-caryophylene (6.0-11.4), nerol (4.1-11.8), and neral (cis-citral, 0.1-9.5). The essential oil of carvacrol chemotypes contain more compounds that are characteristic of the thyme genus (%): carvacrol (16.0-22.2), β-bisabolene (11.1-20.2), β-caryophyllene (11.1- 19.1), γ-terpinene (5.8-16.2), p-cimene (5.5-10.4), thymol (3.3-9.8), and carvacrol methyl ether (5.6-8.6). The correlation between the odor and composition of the essential oil will help the users of wild thyme to choose the necessary chemotype for their purposes.10aCarvacrol chemotype10aChemotypes of essential oil10aCitral-geraniol chemotype10aThymus pulegioides L.1 aMockute, D1 aBernotiene, G  uhttp://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0032839963&partnerID=40&rel=R6.5.002120nas a2200157   4500008004100000020001400041245016000055210006900215260001200284300001400296490001100310520143900321100002401760700001601784856016201800       2001                        eng d  a0021-856100aAcute, sublethal, antifeedant, and synergistic effects of monoterpenoid essential oil compounds on the tobacco cutworm, Spodoptera litura (Lep., Noctuidae)0 aAcute sublethal antifeedant and synergistic effects of monoterpe  c2001///  a715 - 7200 v49; 493 aMonoterpenoids (terpenes and biogenically related phenols) commonly found in plant essential oils were tested for acute toxicity via topical application to tobacco cutworms (Spodoptera litura Fab.). The most toxic among 10 such compounds was thymol (LD(50) = 25.4 microg/larva) from garden thyme, Thymus vulgaris. The compounds were then tested for sublethal effects, specifically inhibition of larval growth after topical application of low doses. Among 6 compounds tested, an LD(10) dose reduced growth by 20% on average 3 days after administration. Feeding deterrence was determined using a cabbage leaf disk choice test. The most deterrent compound was thymol, with a DC(50) of 85.6 microg/cm(2) leaf disk area. Because minor constituents in complex essential oils have been suggested to act as synergists, binary mixtures of the compounds were tested for synergy vis à vis acute toxicity and feeding deterrence. trans-Anethole acted synergistically with thymol, citronellal, and alpha-terpineol, in terms of both acute toxicity and feeding deterrence. On the basis of these findings, several complex mixtures were developed and tested as leads for effective control agents. Candidate mixtures demonstrated good synergistic effects. The observed LD(50) of mixture 3 was 40.6 microg/larvae compared to an expected value of 74.6 microg/larvae. The result of this research is a proprietary product suitable for commercial production1 aHummelbrunner, L, A1 aIsman, M, B  uhttp://muse.lib.auth.gr:9797/com/csa/?MuseHost=www-mi2.csa.com&MuseFirst=1&id=2&recnum=6&SID=b8599c660c0d7abb640bacacd8dd54da&MusePath=/ids70/view_record.php00728nas a2200181   4500008004100000245014000041210006900181260003000250300001600280490000700296100002200303700002000325700001800345700001400363700001700377700002300394856012900417       2004                        eng d00aEssential oils of Satureja, Origanum, and Thymus species: chemical composition and antibacterial activities against foodborne pathogens0 aEssential oils of Satureja Origanum and Thymus species chemical   bACS Publicationsc2004///  a8261 - 82670 v521 aChorianopoulos, N1 aKalpoutzakis, E1 aAligiannis, N1 aMitaku, S1 aNychas, G, J1 aHaroutounian, S, A  uhttps://thymus.myspecies.info/ref/essential-oils-satureja-origanum-and-thymus-species-chemical-composition-and-antibacterial02102nas a2200181   4500008004100000020001400041245016000055210006900215260001200284300001600296490001100312520137400323100001301697700002001710700001301730700001501743856016201758       2006                        eng d  a0021-856100aCharacterization of the Volatile Composition of Essential Oils of Some Lamiaceae Spices and the Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of the Entire Oils0 aCharacterization of the Volatile Composition of Essential Oils o  c2006///  a1822 - 18280 v54; 543 aThe essential oils of Ocimum basilicum L., Origanum vulgare L., and Thymus vulgaris L. were analyzed by means of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and assayed for their antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. The antioxidant activity was evaluated as a free radical scavenging capacity (RSC), together with effects on lipid peroxidation (LP). RSC was assessed measuring the scavenging activity of the essential oils on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil (DPPH) and OH radicals. Effects on LP were evaluated following the activities of essential oils in Fe2+/ascorbate and Fe2+/H2O2 systems of induction. Essential oils exhibited very strong RSCs, reducing the DPPH radical formation (IC50) in the range from 0.17 (oregano) to 0.39 g/mL (basil). The essential oil of T. vulgaris exhibited the highest OH radical scavenging activity, although none of the examined essential oils reached 50% of neutralization (IC50). All of the tested essential oils strongly inhibited LP, induced either by Fe2+/ascorbate or by Fe2+/H2O2. The antimicrobial activity was tested against 13 bacterial strains and six fungi. The most effective antibacterial activity was expressed by the essential oil of oregano, even on multiresistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. A significant rate of antifungal activity of all of the examined essential oils was also exhibited1 aBozin, B1 aMimica-Dukic, N1 aSimin, N1 aAnackov, G  uhttp://muse.lib.auth.gr:9797/com/csa/?MuseHost=www-mi2.csa.com&MuseFirst=1&id=2&recnum=2&SID=54cb5ee3ad7ac982e501634b8323fbe4&MusePath=/ids70/view_record.php02683nas a2200241   4500008004100000245009400041210006900135260021600204300001600420490000700436520172100443653002502164653001802189653001302207653002502220653001002245653002002255653001002275100002102285700002202306700001602328856009702344       2003                        eng d00aInfluence of nitrogen fertilizers on the yield and composition of thyme (Thymus vulgaris)0 aInfluence of nitrogen fertilizers on the yield and composition o  aAffiliation: Department of Food Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilenu̧ pl. 19, LT-3028 Kaunas, Lithuania; Affiliation: Lithuanian Institute of Horticulture, LT-4335 Babtai, Lithuaniac2003/12//  a7751 - 77580 v513 aThe influence of nitrogen fertilizers on the yield of crop, as well as on the production and composition of the essential oil and some other chemical characteristics of thyme, was investigated. Different levels of fertilizers (N = 0, 45, 90, and 135 kg ha(-1)) were applied. It was found that fortilizers increase thyme crop, but differences in the yield of essential oil were not remarkable. However, the use of certain amounts of nitrogen fertilizers resulted in higher yields of essential oil obtainable from the cultivation area unit (dm(3) ha(-1)). Totally, 61 constituents were identified in thyme essential oil by capillary GC and GC-MS. Thymol was the dominating compound in the all analyzed oils (44.4-58.1 %), followed by p-cymene (9.1-18.5%), gamma-terpinene (6.9-18.9%), and carvacrol (2.4-4.2%). Differences in the percentage of these and other compounds in thyme herb cultivated under different fertilization doses were not significant; very slight changes in the percentage composition were detected after drying. Some variations in the amount of individual constituents expressed in arbitrary units per kilogram of herb (which is almost equivalent to mg kg(-1)) were observed. The highest amounts of sugars and sucrose, in particular, were determined in the second year of thyme cultivation. Differences in the content of dry soluble substances were not meaningful, and there was no effect of nitrogen fertilizers on this chemical characteristic. Some effect of fertilization on the content of vitamin C and carotenes was observed in the first year of thyme cultivation. It was determined that nitrogen fertilizers influence the amount of nitrates, which was highest in the second-year-first-harvest.10aChemical composition10aEssential oil10aLabiatae10aNitrogen fertilizers10aThyme10aThymus vulgaris10aYield1 aBaranauskiene, R1 aVenskutonis, P, R1 aViskelis, P  uhttp://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0348110236&partnerID=40&rel=R6.5.002486nas a2200205   4500008004100000020001400041245007900055210006900134260001400203300001600217490001100233520174400244100002601988700002402014700002302038700001902061700001902080700001902099856016202118       2003                        eng d  a0021-856100aEssential oils from Mediterranean lamiaceae as weed germination inhibitors0 aEssential oils from Mediterranean lamiaceae as weed germination   c2003/10//  a6158 - 61640 v51; 513 aThe essential oils obtained from rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.), thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.), and savory (Satureja montana L.) and the four monoterpenes that are their major constituents have been analyzed by GC and GC-MS and tested for their allelopathic properties on the seeds of three different annual weeds (Chenopodium album, Portulaca oleracea, and Echinochloa crus-galli) and three crops (Raphanus sativus, Capsicum annuum, and Lactuca sativa), with the aim to evaluate in vitro their potential as germination inhibitors. The essential oil composition varied with the species, thymol being the main constituent (44%) of thyme and carvacrol (57%) that of savory oil. Differences in essential oil composition were observed within two different rosemary ecotypes, type A, with alpha-pinene (37%) and 1,8-cineole (23%), and type B, characterized by a 2-fold content of 1,8-cineole (47%). This latest essential oil inhibited completely the germination of weeds while concurrently displaying little effect on pepper. The other two oils showed less selective action. S. montana essential oil, with 57% carvacrol, is the most active compound, completely inhibiting germination both of crops and weeds. Borneol, one of the main constituents of the oil of rosemary type B, showed an activity comparable to that of the whole oil. Crop and weed seeds treated with 1,8-cineole showed germination values that were not significantly different from controls, even if a slowing of the germination process expressed in terms of a significant increase in mean germination time was observed. Monoterpene compounds also present in the essential oils mainly represented the volatile fraction released from the crops and their residues into the soil1 aAngelini, Luciana, G.1 aCarpanese, Giovanna1 aCioni, Pier, Luigi1 aMorelli, Ivano1 aMacchia, Mario1 aFlamini, Guido  uhttp://muse.lib.auth.gr:9797/com/csa/?MuseHost=www-mi2.csa.com&MuseFirst=1&id=2&recnum=3&SID=b8599c660c0d7abb640bacacd8dd54da&MusePath=/ids70/view_record.php