@article {1947,
	title = {Essential Oil Variability of Thymus-Hyemalis Growing Wild in Southeastern Spain},
	journal = {Biochemical systematics and ecology},
	volume = {23},
	year = {1995},
	note = {PT: J},
	month = {1995/06//},
	pages = {431 - 438},
	abstract = {Essential oils obtained by steam-distillation of individual samples of Thymus hyemalis were examined for variability in their volatile components by means of gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS). The thymol chemotype is widespread and is found in most of the vegetal formations where Thymus hyemalis is predominant and does not interact with other species. The carvacrol chemotype is found in isolated individual plants among those containing thymol. Although the chemotypes are usually mutually exclusive, the two phenols occasionally found with similar quantities in the same plant. The linalool chemotype has not previously been described for Thymus hyemalis. Other nonphenolic compounds (1,8-cineole, borneol, cc-pinene) are present in low to medium percentages that reflect localized interactions with other species of thyme (Thymus vulgaris, Thymus baeticus) that sometimes produce hybridized or introgressive, morphologically distinguishable individuals. This chemical variability is analyzed by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Cluster Analysis (CA), a closely-related phenolic group of samples being revealed separated from less well represented non-phenolic chemotypes or mixed chemotypes. Multidimensional Scaling Analysis (MDS) based on percentage concentration was used to show the relationships between the most important components of the essential oil, the opposite orientation of vectors that represent phenolic compounds (and their precursors) and linalool, being of note. The data set presents positive correlation between camphor and altitude.},
	author = {Saez, F}
}
@article {1936,
	title = {Comparison of the insecticidal effects of water extracted and intact aromatic plants on Acanthoscelides obtectus, a bruchid beetle pest of kidney beans},
	journal = {Chemoecology},
	volume = {5-6},
	year = {1995},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996): 7},
	month = {1995///},
	pages = {1 - 5},
	address = {Affiliation: Département des Sciences Biologiques CURS IBEAS, Université de Pau et des Pays de l{\textquoteright}Adour, Av. de l{\textquoteright}Université, Pau, F-64000, France},
	abstract = {Acanthoscelides obtectus (Say) is one of the most damaging pests of kidney beans, Phaseolus vulgaris L. worldwide. However, aromatic plants from the families Lamiaceae, Lauraceae, Myrtaceae and Poaceae can protect kidney beans by direct or delayed insecticidal effect, through increased adult mortality and inhibition of beetle reproduction (both oviposition and adult emergence). The efficiency of hydrodistillated and intact plants from Thymus vulgaris and T. serpyllum, Mentha piperata, Rosmarinus officinalis, Satureia hortensis, Eucalyptus globulus, Laurus nobilis, Origanum vulgare, and Cymbopogon nardus was compared. For both extracts, Origanum vulgare had the best effect. The insecticidal effect was induced by more than the essential oils because no significant difference was noticed between distilled and intact plants extract. Inhibition of reproduction was particularly important. These results suggest that lipidic as well as non lipidic, allelochemicals, such as phenolics, or non-protein amino-acids, or flavonoids may be involved in the toxicity of aromatic plants to this beetle. {\textcopyright} 1995 Birkhäuser Verlag.},
	keywords = {Acanthoscelides obtectus, adult mortality, aromatic hydrodistillated and non hydrodistillated, Bruchidae, Coleoptera, Cymbopogon, Eucalyptus, Lamiaceae, larval mortality, Lauraceae, Laurus, Mentha, Myrtaceae, Origanum, oviposition inhibition, Poaceae, Rosmarinus, Satureia, Thymus},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-34249759937\&partnerID=40\&rel=R6.5.0},
	author = {Regnault-Roger, C and Hamraoui, A}
}
@article {1870,
	title = {Effects of Hps Supplemental Lighting and Soil-Water Levels on Growth, Essential Oil Content and Composition of 2 Thyme (Thymus-Vulgaris L) Clonal Selections},
	journal = {Canadian Journal of Plant Science},
	volume = {75},
	year = {1995},
	note = {PT: J},
	month = {1995/01//},
	pages = {231 - 238},
	abstract = {The growth, essential oil content and composition of two clonally selected Thymus vulgaris plants were each significantly affected by two light regimes (LR) and three different soil water levels (SWL). The highest dry matter accumulation was achieved from plants grown under supplemental light (SL) at 90\% SWL. The leaf area increased linearly from 959 cm(2) to 1635 cm(2) for Selection 1 and from 543 cm(2) to 1322 cm(2) for Selection 2 under natural light and from 1180 cm(2) to 3512 cm(2) for Selection 1 and from 958 to 2821 cm(2) for Selection 2 under supplemental light, respectively, for plants grown under 50 to 90\% SWL. The coefficient of correlation between shoot yield and leaf area was highly significant (r(2) = 0.96). However, maximum essential oil content and yield per plant were recorded at 70\% SWL for Selection 1 grown under SL. There were significant shifts in the content of phenols, particularly in monoterpene hydrocarbons in the essential oil, due to the differences in LR and SWL. The major constituent of the essential oil, thymol, accounted for the shift from about 48.6\% to 85.5\% for Selection 1 and the shift from 47.2\% to 68.9\% for Selection 2, depending on the treatment levels. Our data showed a maximum level of 85.5\% thymol accumulation in the essential oil of Selection 1 grown at 70\% SWL under SL. We established that both selections under investigation belonged to the thymol chemotype.},
	author = {Letchamo, W and Gosselin, A}
}
@article {1874,
	title = {Terpene-based selective herbivory by Helix aspersa (Mollusca) on Thymus vulgaris (Labiatae)},
	journal = {Oecologia},
	volume = {102},
	year = {1995},
	note = {From Duplicate 1 (                           Terpene-Based Selective Herbivory by Helix-Aspersa (Mollusca) on Thymus-Vulgaris (Labiatae)                         - Linhart, Y B; Thompson, J D )                
PT: J
        
},
	month = {1995/04//},
	pages = {126 - 132},
	address = {Affiliation: Univ.CO,Dept Environ.Popul.\& Orgmic Biol., Boulder, CO 80309, United States},
	abstract = {In natural populations of Thymus vulgaris in the south of France, six genetically different chemical {\textquoteright}{\textquoteright}chemotypes{\textquoteright}{\textquoteright} occur, each differentiated by a single dominant monoterpene that gives individual plants a characteristic smell and taste. Individual populations may contain all six chemotypes, but are often dominated by one to three chemotypes. We tested the hypothesis that this chemical polymorphism was associated with selective herbivory by the snail Helix aspersa, which feeds upon T. vulgaris in nature. The relative preference of juvenile and adult molluscs was investigated by presenting individual animals with a choice of six chemotypes in three experimental trials: (1) whole plants, (2) nutritive gels containing crushed thyme leaves, and (3) nutritive gels containing a distilled monoterpene as an additive. We found significant and consistent patterns of preference. Adult and immature molluscs preferred the linalol chemotype, and ate carvacrol and thymol-containing foods the least. This preference was more marked when using the gels than the real plants, particularly the monoterpene-based gels, demonstrating the importance of the monoterpene for the choice. Furthermore, molluscs fed exclusively on linalol-containing food gained weight whereas those fed on carvacrol-containing food lost weight. After being fed these exclusive diets both groups showed a significant preference for linalol. These results (1) demonstrate that food choice is based upon the presence of specific monoterpenes and is not learned, (2) suggest that phenolic monoterpenes such as carvacrol are repellent to the animals, and (3) indicate that selective herbivory may play a significant role in the maintenance of the chemical polymorphism of T. vulgaris.},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0028975168\&partnerID=40\&rel=R6.5.0},
	author = {Linhart, Y B and Thompson, J D}
}
@article {1814,
	title = {Intra-specific variation in the inhibitory effects of Thymus vulgaris (Labiatae) monoterpenes on seed germination},
	journal = {Oecologia},
	volume = {101},
	year = {1995},
	note = {From Duplicate 1 (                           Intra-Specific Variation in the Inhibitory Effects of Thymus-Vulgaris (Labiatae) Monoterpenes on Seed-Germination                         - Tarayre, M; Thompson, J D; Escarre, J; Linhart, Y B )                
PT: J
        
},
	month = {1995/01//},
	pages = {110 - 118},
	address = {Affiliation: CNRS,Ctr Ecol.Fonct.\& Evolut., Rt Mende,34033 Montpellier, France},
	abstract = {The ecological role of plant secondary compounds has received a great deal of attention yet little is known regarding variation in the ecological significance of different compounds produced by a single species. This is particularly pertinent to species where variation in compound presence is under genetic control. In this study we have quantified variation in the inhibitory effects of the six dominant monoterpene oils produced by different genotypes (or chemotypes) of Thymus vulgaris on achene germination of an associated species (Brachy-podium phoenicoides), and seeds of T. vulgaris itself, in controlled experimental conditions. The experiments involved the germination of seeds of the two species with crushed leaves or pure essences of the six chemotypes, i.e. four experimental trials. A significant inhibitory effect against B. phoenicoides was found for both crushed leaves and the range of concentrations of purr oils used in the trial. The two phenolic compounds had a greater effect than the non-phenolic leaves and pure oils. The significant differences between non-phenols and the controls declined faster over time for crushed leaves and low concentrations of the pure essences than did that between the phenolics and the controls. There was a significant inhibitory effect against the germination of T. vulgaris seeds for the crushed leaves and the pure oils, although the contrast between the non-phenols and the phenols was not significant. The effect of the different oils varied depending on the seed source of the thyme seeds used in the trial. This is suggested to be due to differences in the rates of outcrossing among the sampled populations. The effects of the oils on the associated species, B. phoenicoides, were not found to be greater than their effects on the germination of thyme seeds. The results are discussed in the context of a potential role for such inhibitory effects in relation to the onset of rainfall and suitable germination conditions.},
	isbn = {0029-8549},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0028977472\&partnerID=40\&rel=R6.5.0http://muse.lib.auth.gr:9797/com/csa/?MuseHost=www-mi2.csa.com\&MuseFirst=1\&id=2\&recnum=5\&SID=f6761d6ffa2f8c20dd10ff73e34434f8\&MusePath=/ids70/view_record.php},
	author = {Escarre, J and Linhart, Y B and Tarayre, M and Thompson, JD}
}
@article {1793,
	title = {Free Flavonoid Aglycones from Thymus-Herba-Barona and its Monoterpenoid Chemotypes},
	journal = {Phytochemistry},
	volume = {40},
	year = {1995},
	note = {PT: J},
	month = {1995/09//},
	pages = {115 - 120},
	abstract = {From the diethyl ether extracts of the aerial parts of Thymus herba barona, the flavanones eriodictyol, naringenin and the flavones luteolin, sorbifolin, thymusin, cirsiliol, apigenin, sideritoflavone, cirsimaritin, cirsilineol, xanthomicrol, 8-methoxycirsilineol and genkwanin were isolated and characterized. This is the first report of sorbifolin and cirsiliol in the genus Thymus. The distribution of these flavonoids in the seven terpenoid chemotypes of T. herba barona growing in Corsica was studied and the chemotaxonomic implications of this data discussed.},
	author = {Corticchiato, M and Bernardini, A and Costa, J and Bayet, C and Saunois, A and Voirin, B}
}
@article {1747,
	title = {Essential oil of Thymus thracicus Velen var. longidens (Velen) Jalas},
	journal = {Journal of Essential Oil Research},
	volume = {7},
	year = {1995},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996): 7},
	month = {1995///},
	pages = {661 - 662},
	address = {Affiliation: Anadolu Univ, Eskisehir, Turkey},
	abstract = {Water-distilled essential oils of two chemotypes of Thymus thracicus var. longidens growing in close proximity of each other were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. One chemotype contained geraniol (15.73\%), thymol (12.30\%), p-cymene (12.17\%), γ-terpinene (10.75\%) and carvacrol (10.45\%) as major constituents, while the oil from the other contained geraniol (47.31\%) and geranyl acetate (18.25\%) as main components.},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0029405844\&partnerID=40\&rel=R6.5.0},
	author = {Baser, K H C and Ozek, T and Kurkcuoglu, M and Tumen, G}
}
@article {1718,
	title = {Variations in yield and composition of the essential oil of Thymus serpylloides bory subsp. gadorensis (Pau) Jalas},
	journal = {Journal of Essential Oil Research},
	volume = {7},
	year = {1995},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996): 5},
	month = {1995///},
	pages = {369 - 374},
	address = {Affiliation: Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain},
	abstract = {The oil of Thymus serpylloides Bory subsp. gadorensis (Pau) Jalas (Lamiaceae), has been examined by GC and GC/MS. The composition of oils obtained from plants harvested at different phenological stages were found to contain thymol (0.80-15.82\%) and carvacrol (2.02-73.54\%) as major constituents over two separate growing seasons. The highest oil yields were obtained from female plants. At full flowering, female plants possessed 1.48-2.10\% oil as compared to 0.60-0.80\% oil for hermaphrodite plants.},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0029345005\&partnerID=40\&rel=R6.5.0},
	author = {Arrebola, MariaLeonor and Navarro, MariaConcepcion and Jimenez, Jose}
}
@article {1696,
	title = {Effect of Essential Oils of some Medicinal-Plants on Phytonematodes},
	journal = {Anzeiger Fur Schadlingskunde Pflanzenschutz Umweltschutz},
	volume = {68},
	year = {1995},
	note = {PT: J},
	month = {1995///},
	pages = {82 - 84},
	abstract = {The essential oils of four medicinal plants belonging to Lamiaceae were explored for phytonematode control. The four oils inhibited (P < 0.05) nematode motility but Mentha spicata was generally more effective in reducing the numbers of active nematodes followed by Thymus vulgaris, Majorana hortensis and Mentha longifolia. The main corresponding compound of each oil, determined by GLC analysis, was carvone (58.14\%), P-cymene (40.5\%), terpinen-4-ol (41.6\%) and carvone (70.36\%). Soil stages of the reniform nematode were more affected by the oil than those of the ring and lance nematodes. When transferred to water, the total nematodes that regained their activeness ranged from 12\% for T. vulgaris to 60\% for M. longifolia. The four 0.1 oil solutions inhibited more than 80\% of Meloidogyne incognita-juvenile hatching compared to about 3.5\% at the control. The content of oxygenated compounds in these oils ranged from 45.79\% to 96.5\% and may be partially responsible for the nematicidal effects.},
	author = {Abdelgawad, M M and Omer, E A}
}
