@inbook {1997,
	title = {Azo dye-mediated regulation of total phenolics and peroxidase activity in thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) and rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) clonal lines},
	booktitle = {Journal of agricultural and food chemistry},
	volume = {48; 48},
	year = {2000},
	month = {2000///},
	pages = {932 - 937},
	abstract = {Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) and rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) clonal lines, which were previously isolated from a heterogeneous seed population by plant tissue culture techniques, have been targeted as potential plants for phytoremediation of organic pollutants such as azo dyes and related aromatic compounds. Three thyme clonal lines and three rosemary clonal lines were tested for the ability to grow on hormone-free medium containing 0.01\% of azo dye Poly S-119. The results showed that dye tolerance was associated with reduced phenolics and enhanced peroxidase activity in these clonal lines. There was a clear inverse correlation between total phenolics and peroxidase activity in these plants in response to Poly S-119. The tolerance of these clonal lines showed variations at different growing stages. These observations suggested that the peroxidase activity was inducible. Because peroxidases are involved in lignification, wound healing, aromatic compound degradation, pathogen defense, and stiffening, the results suggest that azo dye stimulated the defense response of thyme and rosemary clonal plants by increasing the peroxidase activity. Stereomicroscopic observations revealed that the azo dye was sequestered within the growing axis of the plant roots, which may also enhance the polymerization of azo dye onto the cell wall with the help of enhanced peroxidase activity},
	isbn = {0021-8561},
	url = {http://muse.lib.auth.gr:9797/com/csa/?MuseHost=www-mi2.csa.com\&MuseFirst=1\&id=2\&recnum=8\&SID=b8599c660c0d7abb640bacacd8dd54da\&MusePath=/ids70/view_record.php},
	author = {Zheng, Z and Shetty, K}
}
@inbook {2000,
	title = {Thymus laconicus Jalas},
	booktitle = {Βιβλίο ερυθρών δεδομένων των σπάνιων \& απειλούμενων φυτών της Ελλάδας},
	year = {2009},
	month = {2009///},
	pages = {350 - 350},
	publisher = {Ελληνική Βοτανική Εταιρεία},
	organization = {Ελληνική Βοτανική Εταιρεία},
	address = {Πάτρα},
	author = {Καλπουτζάκης, Ε and Κωνσταντινιδης, Θ},
	editor = {Φοιτος, Δ and Κωνσταντινιδης, Θ and Καμάρη, Γ}
}
@inbook {2003,
	title = {Thymus plasonii Adamov.},
	booktitle = {Βιβλίο ερυθρών δεδομένων των σπάνιων \& απειλούμενων φυτών της Ελλάδας},
	year = {2009},
	month = {2009///},
	pages = {353 - 353},
	publisher = {Ελληνική Βοτανική Εταιρεία},
	organization = {Ελληνική Βοτανική Εταιρεία},
	address = {Πάτρα},
	author = {Κρίγκας, Ν},
	editor = {Φοιτος, Δ and Κωνσταντινιδης, Θ and Καμάρη, Γ}
}
@inbook {2004,
	title = {Thymus hartvigii R. Morales subsp. hartvigii},
	booktitle = {Βιβλίο ερυθρών δεδομένων των σπάνιων \& απειλούμενων φυτών της Ελλάδας},
	year = {2009},
	month = {2009///},
	pages = {348 - 348},
	publisher = {Ελληνική Βοτανική Εταιρεία},
	organization = {Ελληνική Βοτανική Εταιρεία},
	address = {Πάτρα},
	author = {Κωνσταντινιδης, Θ},
	editor = {Φοιτος, Δ and Κωνσταντινιδης, Θ and Καμάρη, Γ}
}
@inbook {2005,
	title = {Thymus sipyleus Boiss.},
	booktitle = {Βιβλίο ερυθρών δεδομένων των σπάνιων \& απειλούμενων φυτών της Ελλάδας},
	year = {2009},
	month = {2009///},
	pages = {355 - 355},
	publisher = {Ελληνική Βοτανική Εταιρεία},
	organization = {Ελληνική Βοτανική Εταιρεία},
	address = {Πάτρα},
	author = {Α. Στεφανάκη and Σ. Κοκκίνη},
	editor = {Δ. Φοίτος and Θ. Κωνσταντινιδης and Γ. Καμάρη}
}
@inbook {1992,
	title = {Labiatae},
	booktitle = {Prodromus Florae Hispanicae},
	year = {1870},
	month = {1870///},
	pages = {389 - 480},
	publisher = {Sscweizerbart E.},
	organization = {Sscweizerbart E.},
	address = {Stuttgartiae (Stuttgart)},
	author = {Willkomm, M},
	editor = {Willkomm, M and Lange, J}
}
@inbook {1993,
	title = {Influence of essential oils on toxicity and pharmacokinetics of the plant toxin thymol in the larvae of Trichoplusia ni},
	booktitle = {Canadian Entomologist},
	volume = {138; 138},
	year = {2006},
	note = {From Duplicate 1 (                           Influence of essential oils on toxicity and pharmacokinetics of the plant toxin thymol in the larvae of Trichoplusia ni                         - Wilson, J A; Isman, M B )                
},
	month = {2006///},
	pages = {578 - 589},
	abstract = {The present study was undertaken to determine the influence of some major constituents of plant essential oils on the toxicity and fate of thymol, a phenolic monoterpene from garden thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) (Lamiaceae), following topical administration to the cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Tested individually, trans-anethole (LD sub(50) = 71.2 mu g/larva) and methyl salicylate (93.6 mu g/larva) were the most toxic, whereas phenylethyl propionate (555.8 mu g/larva) and mineral oil (2279.3 mu g/larva) were the least toxic. However, when coadministered, mineral oil was the most synergistic (synergy ratio, SR = 25). A proprietary blend of essential oils (A4 Blend) was strongly synergistic (SR = 9), as was trans-anethole (SR = 5), while the majority of the other compounds tested yielded SRs of 2-3. Based on experiments using tritiated thymol as a radiotracer, the fate of this plant toxin within 60 min of topical administration varied widely with the essential oil carrier. Some carriers facilitated rapid disappearance of thymol from the insects{\textquoteright} integument and rapid appearance internally, whereas others prolonged the tenure of thymol on the integument and delayed entry into the insect. The highest internal levels of radioactivity were observed when phenylethyl propionate was the carrier (47\% of the topical dose), the lowest when rosemary oil was the carrier (9\%). The highest proportion of the dose was excreted when eugenol was the carrier (20\% of the topical dose), the lowest when mineral oil was the carrier (4\%). Overall, there are no apparent trends linking the fate of thymol in the different carrier oils to the synergies observed or to the relative polarities of the carriers},
	isbn = {0008-347X},
	url = {http://muse.lib.auth.gr:9797/com/csa/?MuseHost=www-mi2.csa.com\&MuseFirst=1\&id=2\&recnum=1\&SID=54cb5ee3ad7ac982e501634b8323fbe4\&MusePath=/ids70/view_record.php},
	author = {Wilson, J A and Isman, M B}
}
@inbook {1971,
	title = {Thirty-Five Years of Thyme: A Tale of Two Polymorphisms},
	booktitle = {BioScience},
	volume = {48},
	year = {1998},
	month = {1998///},
	pages = {805 - 815},
	abstract = {The aromatic or wild thyme (Thymus vulgaris) is a small, woody shrub of the Labiatae family that inhabits open areas in the western Mediterranean basin. Two types of polymorphic variation exhibited by thyme have provided for the study of the evolutionary dynamics of genetic polymorphisms. First, wild thyme plants bear either female or hermaphrodite flowers but not both, which makes them gynodioecious. In southern France, populations exhibit female frequencies ranging from 5\% to more than 90\%, which is much higher than other gynodioecious species. Second, six different genetically determined monoterpene compositions of thyme{\textquoteright}s oil can be found in southern France. The authors John D. Thompson, Domenica Manicacci, and Michele Tarayre have synthesized 35 years of past research on the gynodioecy and oil compound variation of thyme in reference to the high frequency of females and number of oil compounds. The average female frequency of the thyme populations is approximately 60\%, which indicates cytoplasmic inheritance. Although nuclear genes are also involved in the determination of sexual phenotype, cytoplasmic sterility genes may block male function. Field investigations have determined that female frequency is correlated with population age, with young populations bearing a high number of females. The male function of nuclear genes is suspected of being restored from the sterility influence of cytoplasmic genes by appropriate alleles of restorer genes in the nuclear genome. The possibility that restorer alleles are lacking in patches of colonizing populations is suggested by the low levels of mitochondrial DNA and chloroplast DNA diversity in the populations. Studies have also shown that male-fertility restoration is more frequent when the females are pollinated by males of the original populations than for females cross-pollinated by distant populations. Other fitness considerations include a possible inbreeding depression among hermaphrodites, reduced seed production resulting from resource allocation toward pollen, and a variable sexual resource investment in hermaphrodites. Eleven species of the genus Thymus ranging from southeastern Spain to south-central France were studied by T. Adzet and others who found a pattern of geographic variation in their occurrence, with the three chemotypes of cineol, borneol, and camphene found in southeastern Spain; the phenolics of carvacrol and thymol abundant in northern Spain and southern France; and nonphenolics increasing in frequency toward the northern latitudes. The geographical distribution indicates an adaptive strategy whereby phenolic compounds are produced in response to hot, dry climates and nonphenolic compounds are produced in cool, moist habitats. The geographical distribution also occurs at a microhabitat scale according to microclimates and is thought to be in response to drought stress, interspecific competition, and herbivory},
	url = {http://muse.lib.auth.gr:9797/com/csa/?MuseHost=www-mi2.csa.com\&MuseFirst=1\&id=2\&recnum=2\&SID=686e18bda0daa536a33eb2d7c501c5dc\&MusePath=/ids70/view_record.php},
	author = {Tarayre, M and Thompson, J D and Manicacci, D}
}
@inbook {1964,
	title = {Occupational airborne contact dermatitis caused by thyme dust},
	booktitle = {Contact dermatitis},
	volume = {44; 44},
	year = {2001},
	month = {2001///},
	pages = {235 - 239},
	abstract = {The aim of the study was to assess occupational hazards to the farmer{\textquoteright}s skin associated with processing thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.). 46 farmers were studied during the threshing of dried thyme. They were questioned about work-related skin problems and examined before and after work. In all persons, serum thyme-specific IgE was measured. Skin prick tests, the Ouchterlony test and the migration inhibition test were carried out with allergens of airborne bacteria and fungi present in the working environment. Of the 46 farmers studied, 4 showed skin symptoms after 5-30 min of exposure to thyme dust. Thyme-specific IgE was found in 1 person with work-related symptoms, but also in 2 asymptomatic farmers. Therefore, the importance of IgE seems to be questionable in eczema related to thyme dust. Skin and blood tests with microbial allergens also showed no significant differences between the symptomatic and asymptomatic farmers. To our knowledge, this is the 1st description of occupational airborne contact dermatitis caused by thyme dust. The etiology of thyme-related skin symptoms remains obscure, although an irritant mechanism seems probable},
	isbn = {0105-1873},
	url = {http://muse.lib.auth.gr:9797/com/csa/?MuseHost=www-mi2.csa.com\&MuseFirst=1\&id=2\&recnum=5\&SID=b8599c660c0d7abb640bacacd8dd54da\&MusePath=/ids70/view_record.php},
	author = {Spiewak, R and Skorska, C and Dutkiewicz, J}
}
@inbook {1943,
	title = {Toxicity of naturally occurring compounds of Lamiaceae and Lauraceae to three stored-product insects},
	booktitle = {Journal of Stored Products Research},
	volume = {43},
	year = {2007},
	month = {2007///},
	pages = {349 - 355},
	address = {Affiliation: Faculty of Agriculture in Osijek, University of J. J. Strossmayer in Osijek, Trg Sv. Trojstva 3, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; Affiliation: Diatom Research and Consulting Inc., 14 Greenwich Dr, Guelph, Ont. N1H 8B8, Canada},
	abstract = {The compounds 1,8-cineole, camphor, eugenol, linalool, carvacrol, thymol, borneol, bornyl acetate and linalyl acetate occur naturally in the essential oils of the aromatic plants Lavandula angustifolia, Rosmarinus officinalis, Thymus vulgaris and Laurus nobilis. These compounds were evaluated for fumigant activity against adults of Sitophilus oryzae, Rhyzopertha dominica and Tribolium castaneum. The insecticidal activities varied with insect species, compound and the exposure time. The most sensitive species was S. oryzae, followed by Rhyzopertha dominica. Tribolium castaneum was highly tolerant of the tested compounds. 1,8-Cineole, borneol and thymol were highly effective against S. oryzae when applied for 24 h at the lowest dose (0.1 μl/720 ml volume). For Rhyzopertha dominica camphor and linalool were highly effective and produced 100\% mortality in the same conditions. Against Tribolium castaneum no oil compounds achieved more than 20\% mortality after exposure for 24 h, even with the highest dose (100 μl/720 ml volume). However, after 7 days exposure 1,8-cineole produced 92.5\% mortality, followed by camphor (77.5\%) and linalool (70.0\%). These compounds may be suitable as fumigants because of their high volatility, effectiveness, and their safety. {\textcopyright} 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {1, 8-cineole, Borneol, Bornyl acetate, Camphor, Carvacrol, Eugenol, Fumigant toxicity, Linalool, linalyl acetate, Rhyzopertha dominica, Sitophilus oryzae, Thymol, Tribolium castaneum, Wheat},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-34547837496\&partnerID=40\&rel=R6.5.0},
	author = {Rozman, V and Kalinovic, I and Korunic, Z}
}
@inbook {1868,
	title = {Activity of essential oils of Lamiaceae on Ascosphaera apis and treatment of an apiary},
	booktitle = {Apidologie. Vol. 20},
	volume = {20},
	year = {1989},
	month = {1989///},
	pages = {221 - 228},
	abstract = {The first part of the experiment consists of the measurement of fungistatic and fungicidal activities of essential oils of different Labiaceae: Origanum vulgare (2 varieties), Satureia montana (4 varieties), Thymus vulgaris . In vitro, the most effective oils generally have a rich carvacrol content (higher than 30\%). The clone of thyme (number 133) shows anti-fungal properties relatively constant through time. The second part of the experiment is a field study to assay the therapeutic value of an oil, which is active and palatable for bees, the essential oil of savory (Satureia montana ), imported from Albania. This is mixed with sugar-candy (dilution: 0.1\%; dose of 1 ml per colony) and fed at the end of wintering (February). Seven colonies were experimentally treated, 7 colonies were unfed and another 7 received simple sugar-candy. The evolution of chalkbrood was estimated by counting, two times a week, the dead larvae gathered at the entrance of the hive, during the 75 following treatment. Under these conditions, the efficacy of the essential oil of savory is significant},
	isbn = {0044-8435},
	url = {http://muse.lib.auth.gr:9797/com/csa/?MuseHost=www-mi2.csa.com\&MuseFirst=1\&id=2\&recnum=7\&SID=55360d1a6858ae31d3e80acbc52d3e6b\&MusePath=/ids70/view_record.php},
	author = {Larribau, E and Boue, T and Colin, M E and DucosdeLahitte, J}
}
@inbook {1847,
	title = {Thymus},
	booktitle = {Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands},
	year = {1982},
	month = {1982///},
	pages = {349 - 382},
	publisher = {University Press},
	organization = {University Press},
	address = {Endinburgh},
	author = {Jalas, J},
	editor = {Davis, P H}
}
@inbook {1849,
	title = {Thymus L.},
	booktitle = {Flora Europaea},
	volume = {3},
	year = {1972},
	month = {1972///},
	pages = {172 - 182},
	publisher = {University Press},
	organization = {University Press},
	address = {Cambridge},
	author = {Jalas, J},
	editor = {Tutin, T and Heywood, V H and Burges, N A and Moore, D M and Valentine, D H}
}
@inbook {1858,
	title = {Monoterpenoids and their glycosides from the leaf of thyme},
	booktitle = {Phytochemistry},
	volume = {65},
	year = {2004},
	month = {2004///},
	pages = {3279 - 3287},
	publisher = {Pergamon Press Inc., 660 White Plains Rd., Floor 2 Tarrytown NY 10591-5153 USA},
	organization = {Pergamon Press Inc., 660 White Plains Rd., Floor 2 Tarrytown NY 10591-5153 USA},
	abstract = {From the polar portion of the methanol extract of thyme (leaf of Thymus vulgaris; Labiatae), which has been used as an important stomachic, carminative, a component of prepared cough tea, and a spice, seven monoterpenoid glycosides were isolated together with two known monoterpenoids and three known monoterpenoid glucosides. Structures of the seven monoterpenoid glycosides were determined by spectral analysis},
	isbn = {0031-9422},
	url = {http://muse.lib.auth.gr:9797/com/csa/?MuseHost=www-mi2.csa.com\&MuseFirst=1\&id=2\&recnum=6\&SID=3ed116359dfed5dfecf3a7873406b249\&MusePath=/ids70/view_record.php},
	author = {Kitajima, J and Ishikawa, T and Urabe, A and Satoh, M}
}
@inbook {1836,
	title = {Insecticidal effect of essential oils from Mediterranean plants upon Acanthoscelides obtectus Say (Coleoptera, Bruchidae), a pest of kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)},
	booktitle = {Journal of chemical ecology},
	volume = {19},
	year = {1993},
	month = {1993///},
	pages = {1233 - 1244},
	abstract = {The bioactivity of 22 essential oils from aromatic and medicinal plants was tested upon Acanthoscelides obtectus Say (Coleoptera, Bruchidae), a pest of kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). The insecticidal effect was evaluated by determination of 24- and 48-hr LC sub(50) and LC sub(50) (from 1.50 mg/dm super(3) to more than 1000 mg/dm super(3)). Isoprenoids and phenylpropanoids were identified by gas chromatography. The most efficient essential oils were extracted from plants belonging to Labiatae. Origanum marjorana) and Thymus serpyllum essential oils were the most toxic},
	isbn = {0098-0331},
	url = {http://muse.lib.auth.gr:9797/com/csa/?MuseHost=www-mi2.csa.com\&MuseFirst=1\&id=2\&recnum=7\&SID=f6761d6ffa2f8c20dd10ff73e34434f8\&MusePath=/ids70/view_record.php},
	author = {Holeman, M and Theron, E and Pinel, R and Regnault-Roger, C and Hamraoui, A}
}
@inbook {1842,
	title = {Acute, sublethal, antifeedant, and synergistic effects of monoterpenoid essential oil compounds on the tobacco cutworm, Spodoptera litura (Lep., Noctuidae)},
	booktitle = {Journal of agricultural and food chemistry},
	volume = {49; 49},
	year = {2001},
	month = {2001///},
	pages = {715 - 720},
	abstract = {Monoterpenoids (terpenes and biogenically related phenols) commonly found in plant essential oils were tested for acute toxicity via topical application to tobacco cutworms (Spodoptera litura Fab.). The most toxic among 10 such compounds was thymol (LD(50) = 25.4 microg/larva) from garden thyme, Thymus vulgaris. The compounds were then tested for sublethal effects, specifically inhibition of larval growth after topical application of low doses. Among 6 compounds tested, an LD(10) dose reduced growth by 20\% on average 3 days after administration. Feeding deterrence was determined using a cabbage leaf disk choice test. The most deterrent compound was thymol, with a DC(50) of 85.6 microg/cm(2) leaf disk area. Because minor constituents in complex essential oils have been suggested to act as synergists, binary mixtures of the compounds were tested for synergy vis {\`a} vis acute toxicity and feeding deterrence. trans-Anethole acted synergistically with thymol, citronellal, and alpha-terpineol, in terms of both acute toxicity and feeding deterrence. On the basis of these findings, several complex mixtures were developed and tested as leads for effective control agents. Candidate mixtures demonstrated good synergistic effects. The observed LD(50) of mixture 3 was 40.6 microg/larvae compared to an expected value of 74.6 microg/larvae. The result of this research is a proprietary product suitable for commercial production},
	isbn = {0021-8561},
	url = {http://muse.lib.auth.gr:9797/com/csa/?MuseHost=www-mi2.csa.com\&MuseFirst=1\&id=2\&recnum=6\&SID=b8599c660c0d7abb640bacacd8dd54da\&MusePath=/ids70/view_record.php},
	author = {Hummelbrunner, L A and Isman, M B}
}
@inbook {1827,
	title = {Antihormonal effects of plant extracts. TSH- and prolactin-suppressing properties of Lithospermum officinale and other plants},
	booktitle = {PLANT. MED. Vol. 45},
	volume = {45},
	year = {1982},
	month = {1982///},
	pages = {78 - 86},
	abstract = {Plant extracts from Lithospermum officinale, Lycopus virginicus L. (Lamiaceae), Melissa officinalis L. (Lamiaceae) and Thymus serpyllum L. (Lamiaceae) were administered to euthyroid and hypothyroid rats. In the euthyroid rat serum and pituitary TSH-levels were greatly diminished by the plant extracts. At the same time prolactin serum levels and hypophyseal stores were reduced by the plant extracts},
	url = {http://muse.lib.auth.gr:9797/com/csa/?MuseHost=www-mi2.csa.com\&MuseFirst=1\&id=2\&recnum=1\&SID=bb28756c7791fe29235957a6e169354e\&MusePath=/ids70/view_record.php},
	author = {Gumbinger, H G and Kemper, F H and Sourgens, H and Winterhoff, H}
}
@inbook {1809,
	title = {The effect of labiate herbs and white clover on Plutella xylostella oviposition},
	booktitle = {Entomologia experimentalis et applicata},
	volume = {42},
	year = {1986},
	month = {1986///},
	pages = {243 - 247},
	abstract = {Small-scale greenhouse intercrop experiments were carried out, with Brussels sprouts (Brassica oleracea gemmifera L.) as crop plants and the herbs sage (Salvia officinalis L.) and thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) as intercrops. Significant reductions in diamond-back moth (Plutella xylostella (L.) oviposition were observed on intercropped brassicas. Green polyethylene models were shown to simulate the effect of the herbs. Contrast was shown to have no effect on oviposition by the diamond-back moth. An intercorp of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) vs. an intercrop of thyme, resulted in significantly lower egg-loads on brassicas associated with clover. An olfactory effect is postulated to account for this difference},
	isbn = {0013-8703},
	url = {http://muse.lib.auth.gr:9797/com/csa/?MuseHost=www-mi2.csa.com\&MuseFirst=1\&id=2\&recnum=8\&SID=55360d1a6858ae31d3e80acbc52d3e6b\&MusePath=/ids70/view_record.php},
	author = {Dover, J W}
}
@inbook {1817,
	title = {Inhibition of the growth of phytopathogenic bacteria by preparations of higher plants},
	booktitle = {Mikrobiologichnyi Zhurnal},
	volume = {45},
	year = {1983},
	month = {1983///},
	pages = {91 - 95},
	abstract = {150 plant species of the Ukraine including medicinal and fodder ones belonging to 43 families were studied for their antibiotic action. The active plant species are revealed and preparations inhibiting in vitro phytopathogenic bacteria are isolated from them. The strongest inhibitors are found in plants from the Asteraceae and Lamiaceae families. Essential oils obtained from Calendula officinalis and Thymus serpyllum are established to have a high antibiotic activity relative to plant bacterioses agents, mainly from the Corynebacterium and Xanthomonas genera},
	isbn = {0201-8462},
	url = {http://muse.lib.auth.gr:9797/com/csa/?MuseHost=www-mi2.csa.com\&MuseFirst=1\&id=2\&recnum=2\&SID=147874bda29087943ea1dc03733c75de\&MusePath=/ids70/view_record.php},
	author = {Evseenko, O V and Pavlenko, L A and Mishenkova, E L and Petrenko, G T}
}
@inbook {1790,
	title = {Essential oils of Labiatae for controlling honey bee varroosis},
	booktitle = {Journal of Applied Entomology},
	volume = {110},
	year = {1990},
	month = {1990///},
	pages = {19 - 25},
	abstract = {The efficiency of Labiatae essential oils was compared with a classical aerosol treatment, including the acaricidic substance amitraz at the 0.25 concentration. The tested concentrations of the experimental mixture were 1\% of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) and 0.5\% of sage (Salvia officinalis L.). These products were also injected into each colony by the aerosol way for one minute. 4 applications in an interval of 3 or 4 cays constitute the treatment. The dead mites (Varroa jacobsoni Oud.) were counted everyday. The number of surviving mites was estimated by means of a fluvalinate control treatment. No difference in the global efficiency was found for the moderately infested colonies (less than 1300 mites, a few mutilated pupae), which contained a small brood area. A weak grade of post-therapeutic residues in honey was only detected by gas chromatography just after aerosol administration},
	isbn = {0931-2048},
	url = {http://muse.lib.auth.gr:9797/com/csa/?MuseHost=www-mi2.csa.com\&MuseFirst=1\&id=2\&recnum=6\&SID=55360d1a6858ae31d3e80acbc52d3e6b\&MusePath=/ids70/view_record.php},
	author = {Colin, M E}
}
@inbook {1800,
	title = {The spatial genetic structure of cytoplasmic (cpDNA) and nuclear (allozyme) markers within and among populations of the gynodioecious Thymus vulgaris (Labiatae) in southern France},
	booktitle = {American Journal of Botany},
	volume = {84},
	year = {1997},
	month = {1997///},
	pages = {1675 - 1684},
	abstract = {Recent advances in molecular biology have allowed the development of techniques to contrast spatial differentiation in nuclear and cytoplasmic genes and thus provide important data on relative levels of gene flow by pollen and seed in higher plants. In this paper, we compare the spatial structure of nuclear (allozymes) and cytoplasmic (cpDNA) genes among populations of the gynodioecious Thymus vulgaris in southern France. Based on a combination of three restriction enzymes (CfoI, EcoRV, and PstI), eight chlorotypes (combination of three restriction enzyme patterns revealed by Southern hybridization of Beta vulgaris cpDNA) were identified in the 13 studied populations. One chlorotype was particularly abundant and was detected in nearly all populations. Only one chlorotype was specific to a single population. Up to four different chlorotypes were observed in some populations. An F sub(ST) of 0.238 (P < 0.002) for cpDNA haplotypes indicates spatial structure of cytoplasmic genes among the studied populations. Similar patterns were found within a single young population (CAB) structured in patches and surrounded by a continuous cover of T. vulgaris where the F sub(ST) is 0.546 (P < 0.002). No significant correlation between sex and chlorotype nor between cpDNA diversity and female frequency was detected. Allozyme markers showed markedly less spatial structure (F sub(ST) = 0.021 among populations and 0.019 in the CAB population, P < 0.001). This difference between cpDNA and nuclear allozyme markers suggests that pollen dispersal is more important than seed dispersal both among and within populations},
	isbn = {0002-9122},
	url = {http://muse.lib.auth.gr:9797/com/csa/?MuseHost=www-mi2.csa.com\&MuseFirst=1\&id=2\&recnum=1\&SID=720ce478dc2df80d779b696384a1418e\&MusePath=/ids70/view_record.php},
	author = {Cuguen, J and Couvet, D and Thompson, J D and Tarayre, M and Saumitou-Laprade, P}
}
@inbook {1803,
	title = {Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of the Essential Oil of Thymus fontanesii},
	booktitle = {Pharmaceutical Biology},
	volume = {44},
	year = {2006},
	month = {2006///},
	pages = {607 - 612},
	abstract = {The yield of oil isolated by hydrodistillation from aerial parts of Thymus fontanesii Boiss. et Reut. (Lamiaceae) growing wild in Djelfa (Algeria) was 0.9\%. Analysis of the oil by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) revealed the identification of 47 components accounting for 98.5\% of the total oil. The oil was found to be rich in monoterpenes (91.5\%) with major constituents being thymol (29.3\%), gamma -terpinene (21.7\%), p-cymene (15.9\%), and thymol methyl ether (11.4\%), while a smaller amount of linalool (4.8\%) and beta -caryophyllene (2.9\%) were detected. According to the antimicrobial study using the disk diffusion method and the agar dilution assay-minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), the oil showed strong in vitro growth inhibition activity against Gram-negative bacteria and antifungal activity. The oil exhibited the maximum antifungal activity against Mucor ramaniamus (MIC = 0.2 mu L/mL)},
	isbn = {1388-0209},
	url = {http://muse.lib.auth.gr:9797/com/csa/?MuseHost=www-mi2.csa.com\&MuseFirst=1\&id=2\&recnum=0\&SID=147874bda29087943ea1dc03733c75de\&MusePath=/ids70/view_record.php},
	author = {Dob, T and Dahmane, D and Benabdelkader, T and Chelghoum, C}
}
@inbook {1774,
	title = {Characterization of the Volatile Composition of Essential Oils of Some Lamiaceae Spices and the Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of the Entire Oils},
	booktitle = {Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry},
	volume = {54; 54},
	year = {2006},
	month = {2006///},
	pages = {1822 - 1828},
	abstract = {The essential oils of Ocimum basilicum L., Origanum vulgare L., and Thymus vulgaris L. were analyzed by means of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and assayed for their antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. The antioxidant activity was evaluated as a free radical scavenging capacity (RSC), together with effects on lipid peroxidation (LP). RSC was assessed measuring the scavenging activity of the essential oils on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil (DPPH) and OH radicals. Effects on LP were evaluated following the activities of essential oils in Fe2+/ascorbate and Fe2+/H2O2 systems of induction. Essential oils exhibited very strong RSCs, reducing the DPPH radical formation (IC50) in the range from 0.17 (oregano) to 0.39 g/mL (basil). The essential oil of T. vulgaris exhibited the highest OH radical scavenging activity, although none of the examined essential oils reached 50\% of neutralization (IC50). All of the tested essential oils strongly inhibited LP, induced either by Fe2+/ascorbate or by Fe2+/H2O2. The antimicrobial activity was tested against 13 bacterial strains and six fungi. The most effective antibacterial activity was expressed by the essential oil of oregano, even on multiresistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. A significant rate of antifungal activity of all of the examined essential oils was also exhibited},
	isbn = {0021-8561},
	url = {http://muse.lib.auth.gr:9797/com/csa/?MuseHost=www-mi2.csa.com\&MuseFirst=1\&id=2\&recnum=2\&SID=54cb5ee3ad7ac982e501634b8323fbe4\&MusePath=/ids70/view_record.php},
	author = {Bozin, B and Mimica-Dukic, N and Simin, N and Anackov, G}
}
@inbook {1750,
	title = {A HPTLC densitometric determination of luteolin in Thymus vulgaris and its extracts},
	booktitle = {Fitoterapia},
	volume = {78},
	year = {2007},
	month = {2007///},
	pages = {391 - 395},
	author = {Bazylko, A. and Strzelecka, H.}
}
@inbook {1728,
	title = {Study of the essential oils of Thymus haussknechtii Velen and Thymus kotschyanus Boiss. et Hohen var. kotschyanus (Lamiaceae) taxa from the eastern Anatolian region in Turkey},
	booktitle = {Flavour and Fragrance Journal},
	volume = {20},
	year = {2005},
	note = {From Duplicate 1 (                           Study of the essential oils of Thymus haussknechtii Velen and Thymus kotschyanus Boiss. et Hohen var. kotschyanus (Lamiaceae) taxa from the eastern Anatolian region in Turkey                         - Bagci, EyUp; Baser, KHUsnUC H C; Başer, K H C )                
},
	month = {2005///},
	pages = {199 - 202},
	publisher = {John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd., Baffins Lane Chichester W. Sussex PO19 1UD UK},
	organization = {John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd., Baffins Lane Chichester W. Sussex PO19 1UD UK},
	address = {Affiliation: Firat University, Art and Science Faculty, Department of Biology, 23100 Elazig, Turkey; Affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy, Anadolu University, Pharmacy Faculty, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey},
	abstract = {The essential oils of water distilled aerial parts of Thymus haussknechtii and Thymus kotschyanus var. kotschyanus (Lamiaceae) were analysed by GC/MS system. Seventy-eight components were identified comprising 88.0 and 91.3\% of the total components in the oils, respectively. 1,8-Cineole (21.5\%) was the dominant compound in Thymus haussknechtii oil and thymol (47.5\%) was the main component in the oil of Thymus kotschyanus var. kotschyanus},
	keywords = {1, 8-cineole, Carvacrol, Essential oil, Lamiaceae, Thymol, Thymus haussknechtii, Thymus kotschyanus},
	isbn = {0882-5734},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-14844283717\&partnerID=40\&rel=R6.5.0http://muse.lib.auth.gr:9797/com/csa/?MuseHost=www-mi2.csa.com\&MuseFirst=1\&id=2\&recnum=3\&SID=3ed116359dfed5dfecf3a7873406b249\&MusePath=/ids70/view_record.php},
	author = {Bagci, EyUp and Başer, K H C}
}
@inbook {1729,
	title = {A field guide to models of sex-ratio evolution in gynodioecious species},
	booktitle = {Oikos},
	volume = {116},
	year = {2007},
	month = {2007///},
	pages = {1609 - 1617},
	author = {Bailey, M.F. and Delph, L.F.}
}
@inbook {1725,
	title = {Thymus L.},
	booktitle = {Mountain flora of Greece},
	volume = {2},
	year = {1991},
	month = {1991///},
	publisher = {Cambridge Univ Pr},
	organization = {Cambridge Univ Pr},
	address = {Cambridge},
	author = {Baden, C},
	editor = {Strid, A and Tan, K}
}
@inbook {1712,
	title = {Essential oils from Mediterranean lamiaceae as weed germination inhibitors},
	booktitle = {Journal of agricultural and food chemistry},
	volume = {51; 51},
	year = {2003},
	note = {From Duplicate 1 (                           Essential oils from Mediterranean lamiaceae as weed germination inhibitors                         - Macchia, Mario; Flamini, Guido; Angelini, LucianaG G; Carpanese, Giovanna; Cioni, PierLuigi L; Morelli, Ivano )                
},
	month = {2003/10//},
	pages = {6158 - 6164},
	abstract = {The essential oils obtained from rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.), thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.), and savory (Satureja montana L.) and the four monoterpenes that are their major constituents have been analyzed by GC and GC-MS and tested for their allelopathic properties on the seeds of three different annual weeds (Chenopodium album, Portulaca oleracea, and Echinochloa crus-galli) and three crops (Raphanus sativus, Capsicum annuum, and Lactuca sativa), with the aim to evaluate in vitro their potential as germination inhibitors. The essential oil composition varied with the species, thymol being the main constituent (44\%) of thyme and carvacrol (57\%) that of savory oil. Differences in essential oil composition were observed within two different rosemary ecotypes, type A, with alpha-pinene (37\%) and 1,8-cineole (23\%), and type B, characterized by a 2-fold content of 1,8-cineole (47\%). This latest essential oil inhibited completely the germination of weeds while concurrently displaying little effect on pepper. The other two oils showed less selective action. S. montana essential oil, with 57\% carvacrol, is the most active compound, completely inhibiting germination both of crops and weeds. Borneol, one of the main constituents of the oil of rosemary type B, showed an activity comparable to that of the whole oil. Crop and weed seeds treated with 1,8-cineole showed germination values that were not significantly different from controls, even if a slowing of the germination process expressed in terms of a significant increase in mean germination time was observed. Monoterpene compounds also present in the essential oils mainly represented the volatile fraction released from the crops and their residues into the soil},
	isbn = {0021-8561},
	url = {http://muse.lib.auth.gr:9797/com/csa/?MuseHost=www-mi2.csa.com\&MuseFirst=1\&id=2\&recnum=3\&SID=b8599c660c0d7abb640bacacd8dd54da\&MusePath=/ids70/view_record.php},
	author = {Angelini, Luciana G. and Carpanese, Giovanna and Cioni, Pier Luigi and Morelli, Ivano and Macchia, Mario and Flamini, Guido}
}
