@article {1958,
	title = {Essential oil variability of Thymus eriocalyx (Ronniger) Jalas},
	journal = {Flavour and Fragrance Journal},
	volume = {20},
	year = {2005},
	month = {2005///},
	pages = {521 - 524},
	address = {Affiliation: Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, PO Box 13185-116, Tehran, Iran; Affiliation: Research Center of Natural Resources and Animal Husbandry, Hamedan, Iran; Affiliation: Faculty of Science, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran},
	abstract = {Essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation from the aerial parts of Thymus eriocalyx (Ronniger) Jalas, at full flowering stage, from various locations in central and west Iran. Gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy analyses of the oils revealed that the major components, linalool (1.8-60.4\%), geraniol (trace-50.5\%) and thymol (1.6-58.4\%), varied widely. Based on the variation in oil composition between the various taxa, the existence of three chemotypes is proposed. Copyright {\textcopyright} 2005 John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd.},
	keywords = {Chemotypes, Essential oil polymorphism, Geraniol, Labiatae, Linalool, Thymol, Thymus eriocalyx},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-24744446270\&partnerID=40\&rel=R6.5.0},
	author = {Sefidkon, F and Kalvandi, R and Atri, M and Barazandeh, M M}
}
@article {1944,
	title = {Comparative evaluation of 11 essential oils of different origin as functional antioxidants, antiradicals and antimicrobials in foods},
	journal = {Food Chemistry},
	volume = {91},
	year = {2005},
	note = {PT: J},
	month = {2005/08//},
	pages = {621 - 632},
	abstract = {Eleven essential oils, namely, Cananga odorata (Annonaceae), Cupressus sempervirens (Cupressaceae), Curcuma longa (Zingiberaceae), Cymbopogon citratus (Poaceae), Eucalyptus globulus (Myrtaceae), Pinus radiata (Pinaceae), Piper crassinervium (Piperaceae), Psidium guayava (Myrtaceae), Rosmarinus officinalis (Lamiaceae), Thymus x citriodorus (Lamiaceae) and Zingiber officinale (Zingiberaccae), were characterized by means of GC and GC-MS and evaluated for their food functional ingredient related properties. These properties were compared to those of Thymus vulgaris essential oil, used as a reference ingredient. Antioxidant and radical-scavenging properties were tested by means of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryihydrazyl (DPPH) assay, beta-carotene bleaching test and luminol-photochemiluminescence (PCL) assay. In the DPPH assay, C. odorata, C citratus, R. officinalis and C longa showed major effectiveness, with a radical inhibition ranging from 59.6 +/- 0.42-64.3 +/- 0.45\%. In the P-carotene bleaching test, C odorata (75.5 +/- 0.53\%), R. officinalis (81.1 +/- 0.57\%) and C longa (72.4 +/- 0.51\%) gave the best inhibition results. Similar results were obtained for the same essential oils in the PCL assay. Antimicrobial properties were obtained on five food-spoilage yeasts: Candida albicans ATCC 48274, Rhodotorula glutinis ATCC 16740, Schizosaccharomyces pombe ATCC 60232, Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 2365, Yarrowia lypolitica ATCC 16617. C citratus and T x citriodorus were the most effective against the tested strains. Suggestions on relationships between chemical composition and biological activities are outlined. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	author = {Sacchetti, G and Maietti, S and Muzzoli, M and Scaglianti, M and Manfredini, S and Radice, M and Bruni, R}
}
@article {1914,
	title = {Monoterpenes from thyme (Thymus vulgaris) as potential mosquito repellents},
	journal = {Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association},
	volume = {21},
	year = {2005},
	month = {2005///},
	pages = {80 - 83},
	publisher = {BioOne},
	author = {Park, B S and Choi, W S and Kim, J H and Kim, K H and Lee, S E}
}
@article {1898,
	title = {Chemical composition of the essential oils and the odor of thymus pulegioides L. growing wild in Vilnius},
	journal = {Journal of Essential Oil Research},
	volume = {17},
	year = {2005},
	month = {2005///},
	pages = {415 - 418},
	address = {Affiliation: Institute of Chemistry, Gostauto Str. 9, LT-2600 Vilnius, Lithuania},
	abstract = {Thymus pulegioides L. ssp pulegioides samples were collected in 1995-1999 in Vilnius city according to their odors. Five chemotypes of the essential oils were identified: 1) citral/geraniol chemotype ("lemon" odor): citral (neral + geranial, 18.4-30.2\%), geraniol (14.4-23.2\%), β-caryophyllene (9.4-13.1\%) and nerol (5.5-12.1\%); 2) geraniol chemotype ("sweet" odor): geraniol (23.1-25.5\%), β-caryophyllene (10.8-13.5\%) and β-bisabolene (9.5-10.2\%); 3) caryophyllene chemotype ("spicy" odor): β-caryophyllene (18.0-19.7\%), β-bisabolene (14.5-15.9\%), germacrene D (12.5-14.6\%) and (E)-nerolidol (8.2-13.8\%); 4) γ-terpinene/p- cymene chemotype ("hydrocarbon" odor): γ-terpinene (15.5-17.2\%), p-cymene (7.7-17.0\%), carvacrol (4.6-13.5\%) and β-caryophyllene (9.6-10.5\%); 5) carvacrol chemotype ("phenolic" odor): carvacrol (24.4-33.3\%), β-caryophyllene (9.5-14.9\%) and β-bisabolene (10.5-12.9\%). The caryophyllene and γ-terpinene/p-cymene chemotypes were not observed earlier in Thymus pulegioides L. {\textcopyright} 2005 Allured Publishing Corp.},
	keywords = {Essential oil composition, Geranial, Geraniol, Labiatae, Neral, P-cymene, Thymus pulegioides, β-bisabolene, βCaryophyllene, γ-terpinene},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-27744439016\&partnerID=40\&rel=R6.5.0},
	author = {Mockute, D and Bernotiene, G}
}
@article {1905,
	title = {Essential oil composition of Thymus citriodorus L. cultivated in Iran},
	journal = {Flavour and Fragrance Journal},
	volume = {20},
	year = {2005},
	note = {PT: J},
	month = {2005///},
	pages = {237 - 238},
	abstract = {Hydro-distilled essential oil from the herb of lemon thyme (Thymus(*) citriodorus L.) cultivated in Iran was analyzed by a combination of GC and GC/MS. Fifteen components were identified. The main constituents of the essential oil were geraniol (54.4\%), geranial (13.9\%), neral (10.1\%), nerol (5.2\%), 3-octanone (3.3\%) and borneol (3.2\%). Copyright (c) 2005 John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd.},
	author = {Omidbaigi, R and Sefidkon, F and Hejazi, M}
}
@article {1877,
	title = {Influence of environmental and genetic factors on the stability of essential oil composition of Thymus pulegioides},
	journal = {Biochemical Systematics and Ecology},
	volume = {33},
	year = {2005},
	note = {From Duplicate 1 (                           Influence of environmental and genetic factors on the stability of essential oil composition of Thymus pulegioides                         - Loziene, K; Venskutonis, P R; Ložiene, K )                
},
	month = {2005/05//},
	pages = {517 - 525},
	address = {Affiliation: Institute of Botany, Zaliuju ezeru 47, LT-2021 Vilnius, Lithuania; Affiliation: Department of Food Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilenu̧ pl. 19, Kaunas LT-50015, Lithuania},
	abstract = {Thymus pulegioides plants were collected from various natural habitats of Lithuania and transferred into a new uniform environment. The plants were cloned annually at controlled conditions and their essential oil composition was monitored by capillary GC and GC/MS. The geraniol/geranial/neral (G/G/N), thymol (T), linalool (L), carvacrol/γ-terpinene/p-cymene (C/γT/pC) and thymol/carvacrol/γ-terpinene/p-cymene (T/C/γT/pC) chemotypes of T. pulegioides were studied. It was found that according to the stability of essential oil composition on a sudden change of environmental conditions two types of T. pulegioides can be distinguished: (1) plants which preserve their chemical composition of the essential oils; (2) plants, which considerably change their chemical composition of the essential oils. {\textcopyright} 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {chemical polymorphism, environmental, Environmental conditions, Essential oil, Lamiaceae, Thymus pulegioides},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-14944377694\&partnerID=40\&rel=R6.5.0http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0305197804002662},
	author = {Loziene, K and Venskutonis, P.R. R}
}
@article {1872,
	title = {A chemical polymorphism in a multitrophic setting: Thyme monoterpene composition and food web structure},
	journal = {American Naturalist},
	volume = {166},
	year = {2005},
	note = {PT: J},
	month = {2005/10//},
	pages = {517 - 529},
	abstract = {We investigated the effects of chemical variation in thyme ( Thymus vulgaris L.) on its interactions with competitors, herbivores, and herbivore predators. Four different thyme monoterpene phenotypes ( chemotypes) were grown in a factorial of chemo- 4 x 2 x 2 type, caging ( sham half-cages vs. full cages), and competition ( control vs. the grass Bromus madritensis L.). Cages reduced numbers of arthropod predators. Thyme-feeding aphids Aphis serpylli Koch passed through full cage walls to increase more than fourfold. As a result, freed from their predators, aphids had a large negative effect on thyme size and flowering. Similarly, competition from Bromus had a negative effect on thyme size and flowering. Individual effects of aphids and competition were nonadditive, however, and their combined effect was significantly less than that predicted by a multiplicative null model. Differential thyme sizes among chemotypes were not mediated by herbivores or competitors, but differential flowering was due to the effects of chemotype on aphids. We thus document differential selection by aphids among thyme chemotypes and the influence of Bromus on the strength of these negative effects of aphids.},
	author = {Linhart, Y B and Keefover-Ring, K and Mooney, K A and Breland, B and Thompson, J D}
}
@article {1860,
	title = {Effect of an acid treatment on the phytochemical and antioxidant characteristics of extracts from selected Lamiaceae species},
	journal = {Food Chemistry},
	volume = {91},
	year = {2005},
	note = {From Duplicate 1 (                           Effect of an acid treatment on the phytochemical and antioxidant characteristics of extracts from selected Lamiaceae species                         - Koşar, M; Dorman, H J D; Hiltunen, R )                
Cited By (since 1996): 9
        
},
	month = {2005/07//},
	pages = {525 - 533},
	address = {Affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmacognosy, Univ. Helsinki, P.O. Box 56 , F.; Affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Anadolu Univ., 26470 Eskisehir, T.},
	abstract = {Aqueous-methanol extracts were prepared from basil (Ocimum basilicum L.), bay (Laurus nobilis L.), oregano (Origanum vulgare L.), rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.), sage (Salvia officinalis L.), savory (Satureja hortensis L.) and thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) by maceration and their phytochemical and antioxidant characteristics were assessed. Each extract was submitted to an acid treatment (1.2 N HCl in 50\% methanol) to determine whether such a process had an effect upon their chemistry and antioxidative efficacy. The treatment appeared to have improved the antioxidant potency of the extracts in general; however, there were some exceptions. The treatment did not increase the Fe(III) reductive activity of the extracts from basil or bay samples nor the ability of the oregano and sage extracts to scavenge 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radicals at pH 7.4. The Folin-Ciocalteu phenol content of the basil extract was not increased with acid treatment. {\textcopyright} 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {1, 1- Diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl, Acid hydrolysis, Antioxidants, Basil, Bay, Hydroxyl radical, Iron reduction, Lamiaceae (Labiatae), Oregano, Rosemary, Sage, Savory, Thyme},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-11144277274\&partnerID=40\&rel=R6.5.0},
	author = {Kosar, M and Dorman, H J D and Hiltunen, R and Koşar, M}
}
@conference {1862,
	title = {Habitat types of NATURA. 2000, sites as a tool for European biodiversity assessment: The case of Thymus plants},
	booktitle = {7th International PhD student symposium. EMBL},
	volume = {Heidelberg},
	year = {2005},
	month = {2005///},
	pages = {71 - 71},
	author = {Koureas, D N and Kokkini, S}
}
@article {1778,
	title = {Essential oil of Thymus bracteosus Vis. ex Benth, an endemic species of dinaric karst},
	journal = {Journal of Essential Oil Research},
	volume = {17},
	year = {2005},
	note = {From Duplicate 1 (                           Essential oil of Thymus bracteosus Vis. ex Benth., an endemic species of dinaric karst                         - Bucar, F; Maleš, Ž; Plazibat, M )                
Cited By (since 1996): 1
        
},
	month = {2005///},
	pages = {457 - 458},
	address = {Affiliation: Institute of Pharmacognosy, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 4/I, A-8010 Graz, Austria; Affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Schrottova 39, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;},
	abstract = {The essential oils of two samples of Thymus bracteosus Vis. ex Benth. (Lamiaceae) collected in Croatia were examined by CC/MS and GC-FID. The major compounds were germacrene D (29.0[percent]) and b-caryophyllene (13.1[percent]), respectively. Reprinted by permission of the publisher},
	keywords = {Essential oil composition, Germacrene D, Lamiaceae, Thymus bracteosus, β-caryophyllene},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-27744592140\&partnerID=40\&rel=R6.5.0http://muse.lib.auth.gr:9797/com/hwwilsonweb/?MuseHost=vnweb.hwwilsonweb.com\&MuseFirst=1\&prod=OMNIS\&query=200518208202036+<in>+an\&StartMuseCookie=VNWeb_Journal=84},
	author = {Bucar, F and Males, Z and Plazibat, M and Maleš, Ž}
}
@inbook {1728,
	title = {Study of the essential oils of Thymus haussknechtii Velen and Thymus kotschyanus Boiss. et Hohen var. kotschyanus (Lamiaceae) taxa from the eastern Anatolian region in Turkey},
	booktitle = {Flavour and Fragrance Journal},
	volume = {20},
	year = {2005},
	note = {From Duplicate 1 (                           Study of the essential oils of Thymus haussknechtii Velen and Thymus kotschyanus Boiss. et Hohen var. kotschyanus (Lamiaceae) taxa from the eastern Anatolian region in Turkey                         - Bagci, EyUp; Baser, KHUsnUC H C; Başer, K H C )                
},
	month = {2005///},
	pages = {199 - 202},
	publisher = {John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd., Baffins Lane Chichester W. Sussex PO19 1UD UK},
	organization = {John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd., Baffins Lane Chichester W. Sussex PO19 1UD UK},
	address = {Affiliation: Firat University, Art and Science Faculty, Department of Biology, 23100 Elazig, Turkey; Affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy, Anadolu University, Pharmacy Faculty, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey},
	abstract = {The essential oils of water distilled aerial parts of Thymus haussknechtii and Thymus kotschyanus var. kotschyanus (Lamiaceae) were analysed by GC/MS system. Seventy-eight components were identified comprising 88.0 and 91.3\% of the total components in the oils, respectively. 1,8-Cineole (21.5\%) was the dominant compound in Thymus haussknechtii oil and thymol (47.5\%) was the main component in the oil of Thymus kotschyanus var. kotschyanus},
	keywords = {1, 8-cineole, Carvacrol, Essential oil, Lamiaceae, Thymol, Thymus haussknechtii, Thymus kotschyanus},
	isbn = {0882-5734},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-14844283717\&partnerID=40\&rel=R6.5.0http://muse.lib.auth.gr:9797/com/csa/?MuseHost=www-mi2.csa.com\&MuseFirst=1\&id=2\&recnum=3\&SID=3ed116359dfed5dfecf3a7873406b249\&MusePath=/ids70/view_record.php},
	author = {Bagci, EyUp and Başer, K H C}
}
@article {1710,
	title = {Differential resistance to freezing and spatial distribution in a chemically polymorphic plant Thymus vulgaris},
	journal = {Ecology Letters},
	volume = {8},
	year = {2005},
	note = {PT: J},
	month = {2005/04//},
	pages = {370 - 377},
	abstract = {Secondary compounds play multiple ecological roles. In this study, we present novel experimental evidence of differential tolerance to freezing temperatures among chemotypes of a chemically polymorphic plant, Thymus vulgaris. Non-phenolic chemotypes showed a significantly better survival and re-growth after early-winter freezing (-10 degrees in early December) than phenolic chemotypes. Comparison of temperature data (1971-2002) at a phenolic and non-phenolic site showed that whereas early-winter freezing occurred in 6 years in the non-phenolic site they never occurred at the phenolic site. Observations of trichome morphology (where the essential oil is stocked) with and without intense freezing indicate that non-phenolic chemotypes may escape any negative effects of freezing by releasing their essential oil into the atmosphere during severe freezing. The correlation between tolerance of freezing and local temperature regimes strongly suggests that differential freezing resistance is a key ingredient of the distribution of thyme chemotypes in space.},
	author = {Amiot, J and Salmon, Y and Collin, C and Thompson, J D}
}
