@article {1991,
	title = {The effect of thyme extract on beta(2)-receptors and mucociliary clearance},
	journal = {Planta Medica},
	volume = {73},
	year = {2007},
	note = {PT: J},
	month = {2007/06//},
	pages = {629 - 635},
	abstract = {Thyme is a broncholytic und secretomotoric agent. Thus, our aim was to investigate the influence of a thyme extract on beta(2)-receptors in competition binding experiments and relaxation experiments on rat uteri and trachea. Furthermore, the influence of the extract on respiratory clearance was of interest. Binding experiments were performed using purified rat lung membranes with the beta(2)-receptor ligand [I-125]-Cyp {[I-125]-(+/-)-lodocyanopindolol}. The transport of the fluorescence dye rhodamin 123 concerning ciliary action in the tracheal area of a mouse was investigated using a microdialysis technique. The thyme extract reduces only slightly [I-125]-CYP binding and amplifies the displacement of [I-125]-CYP by propranolol (non-specific P-receptor antagonist): the displacement curve in the concentration range representing beta(2)-receptors (nM) is shifted to the left. Thyme extract had relaxing effects on organs possessing beta(2)-receptors (uterus and trachea). The propranolol-induced antagonism to isoprenaline is reverted concentration-dependently by the extract. A duplication of the rate of ciliary clearance by the extract was ob-served. In conclusion: 1) There is evidence for an influence of a thyme extract on beta(2)-receptors by both binding studies and biological effects: As can be derived from the shift of the propranotol displacement curve (nM), ingredients of the thyme extract slightly interact with beta(2)-receptors in rat lung tissue. This effect is indirect since no full range competition curve was reached. 2) An at least indirect interaction with beta(2)-receptors in rat uteri and trachea is revealed by a decreased antagonism of propranolol on the relaxing effect of isoprenaline by the plant extract. 3) An additional mechanism is presumed because at high extract concentrations isoprenaline-induced relaxation is complete, whereas the displacement of propranolol at beta(2)-receptors is only weak. 4) Thyme extract has an indirect (modulatory) effect on the beta(2)-receptor system. 5) Mucociliary clearance is improved in vivo. Its mechanism has still to be elucidated.},
	author = {Wienkotter, N and Begrow, F and Kinzinger, U and Schierstedt, D and Verspohl, E J}
}
@article {1903,
	title = {Antiviral effect of aqueous extracts from species of the Lamiaceae family against Herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 in vitro},
	journal = {Planta Medica},
	volume = {72},
	year = {2006},
	note = {PT: J},
	month = {2006/12//},
	pages = {1378 - 1382},
	abstract = {Aqueous extracts from species of the Lamiaceae family were examined for their antiviral activity against Herpes simplex virus (HSV). Extracts from lemon balm (Melissa officinalis), peppermint (Mentha x piperita), prunella (Prunella vulgaris), rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis), sage (Salvia officinalis) and thyme (Thymus vulgaris) were screened. Their inhibitory activity against Herpes simplex virus type I (IHISV-1), type 2 (HSV-2) and an acyclovir-resistant strain of HSV-1 (ACV(res)) was tested in vitro on RC-37 cells in a plaque reduction assay. The 50\% inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of the extracts for HSV plaque formation were determined in dose-response studies. All test compounds showed a high antiviral activity against HSV-1, HSV-2 and ACV(res). in order to identify the mode of antiviral action, the extracts were added to the cells or viruses at different stages of infection. Both types of Herpes virus including ACVres were considerably neutralized after treatment with the extracts prior to infection. At maximum non-cytotoxic concentrations of the extracts, plaque formation was significantly reduced by > 90\% for HSV-1 and HSV-2 and > 85\% for ACV(res). In time-response studies over a period of 2 hours, a clearly time-dependent activity was demonstrated. These results indicate that the extracts affect HSV before adsorption, but have no effect on the intracellular virus replication. Therefore, the extracts exert their antiviral effect on free HSV and offer a chance to use them for topical therapeutic application against recurrent Herpes infections.},
	author = {Nolkemper, S and Reichling, J and Stintzing, F C and Carle, R and Schnitzler, P}
}
@article {1893,
	title = {Antispasmodic activity of Thymus vulgaris extract on the isolated guinea-pig trachea: Discrimination between drug and ethanol effects},
	journal = {Planta Medica},
	volume = {65},
	year = {1999},
	note = {PT: J},
	month = {1999/08//},
	pages = {512 - 516},
	abstract = {The effect of an extract of Thymus vulgaris on induced spasms was investigated on guinea-pig trachea preparations. By the experimental setup used, effects of ethanol as the vehicle could be differentiated from the activity of the herbal constituents. The extract reversibly and concentration-dependently antagonized the contraction of the Musculus transversus tracheae, provoked by four different spasmogens (BaCl2, carbachol, histamine, prostaglandin F-2 alpha). The degree of the antispasmodic activity was dependent on the individual spasmogen with prostaglandin F-2 alpha being most efficiently antagonized.},
	author = {Meister, A and Bernhardt, G and Christoffel, V and Buschauer, A}
}
@article {1832,
	title = {Antiperoxidative components in Thymus vulgaris},
	journal = {Planta Medica},
	volume = {62},
	year = {1996},
	note = {PT: J},
	month = {1996/06//},
	pages = {217 - 221},
	abstract = {A biphenyl compound, 3,4,3{\textquoteright},4{\textquoteright}-tetrahydroxy-5,5{\textquoteright}-diisopropyl-2,2{\textquoteright}-dimethylbiphenyl (1), and a flavonoid, eriodicytol (2), were isolated as antioxidative components from the leaves of Thymus vulgaris by bioassay-directed fractionation. These compounds inhibited superoxide anion production in the xanthine/xanthine oxidase system. Mitochondrial and microsomal lipid peroxidation induced by Fe(III)-ADP/NADH or Fe(III)-ADP/NADPH were also inhibited by these compounds. Compound 1 is an extremely potent antioxidant; complete inhibition was observed at 1 mu M against both microsomal and mitochondrial peroxidation. Furthermore, compound 1 protected red cells against oxidative hemolysis. These phenolic compounds were shown to be effective to protect biological systems against various oxidative stresses.},
	author = {Haraguchi, H and Saito, T and Ishikawa, H and Date, H and Kataoka, S and Tamura, Y and Mizutani, K}
}
@article {1779,
	title = {Seasonal variation of essential oil yield and composition of Thymus hyemalis},
	journal = {Planta Medica},
	volume = {53},
	year = {1987},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996): 11},
	month = {1987///},
	pages = {380 - 382},
	address = {Affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmacodinamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18001-Granada, Spain},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0023255626\&partnerID=40\&md5=320af6f8811b0d9c52334f07a735f137},
	author = {Cabo, J and Crespo, M E and Jimenez, J}
}
