@article {1730,
	title = {Influence of nitrogen fertilizers on the yield and composition of thyme (Thymus vulgaris)},
	journal = {Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry},
	volume = {51},
	year = {2003},
	note = {From Duplicate 1 (                           Influence of Nitrogen Fertilizers on the Yield and Composition of Thyme (Thymus vulgaris)                         - Baranauskiene, R; Venskutonis, P R; Viskelis, P; Dambrauskiene, E; Viškelis, P )                
},
	month = {2003/12//},
	pages = {7751 - 7758},
	address = {Affiliation: Department of Food Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilenu̧ pl. 19, LT-3028 Kaunas, Lithuania; Affiliation: Lithuanian Institute of Horticulture, LT-4335 Babtai, Lithuania},
	abstract = {The influence of nitrogen fertilizers on the yield of crop, as well as on the production and composition of the essential oil and some other chemical characteristics of thyme, was investigated. Different levels of fertilizers (N = 0, 45, 90, and 135 kg ha(-1)) were applied. It was found that fortilizers increase thyme crop, but differences in the yield of essential oil were not remarkable. However, the use of certain amounts of nitrogen fertilizers resulted in higher yields of essential oil obtainable from the cultivation area unit (dm(3) ha(-1)). Totally, 61 constituents were identified in thyme essential oil by capillary GC and GC-MS. Thymol was the dominating compound in the all analyzed oils (44.4-58.1 \%), followed by p-cymene (9.1-18.5\%), gamma-terpinene (6.9-18.9\%), and carvacrol (2.4-4.2\%). Differences in the percentage of these and other compounds in thyme herb cultivated under different fertilization doses were not significant; very slight changes in the percentage composition were detected after drying. Some variations in the amount of individual constituents expressed in arbitrary units per kilogram of herb (which is almost equivalent to mg kg(-1)) were observed. The highest amounts of sugars and sucrose, in particular, were determined in the second year of thyme cultivation. Differences in the content of dry soluble substances were not meaningful, and there was no effect of nitrogen fertilizers on this chemical characteristic. Some effect of fertilization on the content of vitamin C and carotenes was observed in the first year of thyme cultivation. It was determined that nitrogen fertilizers influence the amount of nitrates, which was highest in the second-year-first-harvest.},
	keywords = {Chemical composition, Essential oil, Labiatae, Nitrogen fertilizers, Thyme, Thymus vulgaris, Yield},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0348110236\&partnerID=40\&rel=R6.5.0},
	author = {Baranauskiene, R and Venskutonis, P R and Viskelis, P}
}
@inbook {1712,
	title = {Essential oils from Mediterranean lamiaceae as weed germination inhibitors},
	booktitle = {Journal of agricultural and food chemistry},
	volume = {51; 51},
	year = {2003},
	note = {From Duplicate 1 (                           Essential oils from Mediterranean lamiaceae as weed germination inhibitors                         - Macchia, Mario; Flamini, Guido; Angelini, LucianaG G; Carpanese, Giovanna; Cioni, PierLuigi L; Morelli, Ivano )                
},
	month = {2003/10//},
	pages = {6158 - 6164},
	abstract = {The essential oils obtained from rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.), thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.), and savory (Satureja montana L.) and the four monoterpenes that are their major constituents have been analyzed by GC and GC-MS and tested for their allelopathic properties on the seeds of three different annual weeds (Chenopodium album, Portulaca oleracea, and Echinochloa crus-galli) and three crops (Raphanus sativus, Capsicum annuum, and Lactuca sativa), with the aim to evaluate in vitro their potential as germination inhibitors. The essential oil composition varied with the species, thymol being the main constituent (44\%) of thyme and carvacrol (57\%) that of savory oil. Differences in essential oil composition were observed within two different rosemary ecotypes, type A, with alpha-pinene (37\%) and 1,8-cineole (23\%), and type B, characterized by a 2-fold content of 1,8-cineole (47\%). This latest essential oil inhibited completely the germination of weeds while concurrently displaying little effect on pepper. The other two oils showed less selective action. S. montana essential oil, with 57\% carvacrol, is the most active compound, completely inhibiting germination both of crops and weeds. Borneol, one of the main constituents of the oil of rosemary type B, showed an activity comparable to that of the whole oil. Crop and weed seeds treated with 1,8-cineole showed germination values that were not significantly different from controls, even if a slowing of the germination process expressed in terms of a significant increase in mean germination time was observed. Monoterpene compounds also present in the essential oils mainly represented the volatile fraction released from the crops and their residues into the soil},
	isbn = {0021-8561},
	url = {http://muse.lib.auth.gr:9797/com/csa/?MuseHost=www-mi2.csa.com\&MuseFirst=1\&id=2\&recnum=3\&SID=b8599c660c0d7abb640bacacd8dd54da\&MusePath=/ids70/view_record.php},
	author = {Angelini, Luciana G. and Carpanese, Giovanna and Cioni, Pier Luigi and Morelli, Ivano and Macchia, Mario and Flamini, Guido}
}
