@inbook {1997,
	title = {Azo dye-mediated regulation of total phenolics and peroxidase activity in thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) and rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) clonal lines},
	booktitle = {Journal of agricultural and food chemistry},
	volume = {48; 48},
	year = {2000},
	month = {2000///},
	pages = {932 - 937},
	abstract = {Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) and rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) clonal lines, which were previously isolated from a heterogeneous seed population by plant tissue culture techniques, have been targeted as potential plants for phytoremediation of organic pollutants such as azo dyes and related aromatic compounds. Three thyme clonal lines and three rosemary clonal lines were tested for the ability to grow on hormone-free medium containing 0.01\% of azo dye Poly S-119. The results showed that dye tolerance was associated with reduced phenolics and enhanced peroxidase activity in these clonal lines. There was a clear inverse correlation between total phenolics and peroxidase activity in these plants in response to Poly S-119. The tolerance of these clonal lines showed variations at different growing stages. These observations suggested that the peroxidase activity was inducible. Because peroxidases are involved in lignification, wound healing, aromatic compound degradation, pathogen defense, and stiffening, the results suggest that azo dye stimulated the defense response of thyme and rosemary clonal plants by increasing the peroxidase activity. Stereomicroscopic observations revealed that the azo dye was sequestered within the growing axis of the plant roots, which may also enhance the polymerization of azo dye onto the cell wall with the help of enhanced peroxidase activity},
	isbn = {0021-8561},
	url = {http://muse.lib.auth.gr:9797/com/csa/?MuseHost=www-mi2.csa.com\&MuseFirst=1\&id=2\&recnum=8\&SID=b8599c660c0d7abb640bacacd8dd54da\&MusePath=/ids70/view_record.php},
	author = {Zheng, Z and Shetty, K}
}
@inbook {1842,
	title = {Acute, sublethal, antifeedant, and synergistic effects of monoterpenoid essential oil compounds on the tobacco cutworm, Spodoptera litura (Lep., Noctuidae)},
	booktitle = {Journal of agricultural and food chemistry},
	volume = {49; 49},
	year = {2001},
	month = {2001///},
	pages = {715 - 720},
	abstract = {Monoterpenoids (terpenes and biogenically related phenols) commonly found in plant essential oils were tested for acute toxicity via topical application to tobacco cutworms (Spodoptera litura Fab.). The most toxic among 10 such compounds was thymol (LD(50) = 25.4 microg/larva) from garden thyme, Thymus vulgaris. The compounds were then tested for sublethal effects, specifically inhibition of larval growth after topical application of low doses. Among 6 compounds tested, an LD(10) dose reduced growth by 20\% on average 3 days after administration. Feeding deterrence was determined using a cabbage leaf disk choice test. The most deterrent compound was thymol, with a DC(50) of 85.6 microg/cm(2) leaf disk area. Because minor constituents in complex essential oils have been suggested to act as synergists, binary mixtures of the compounds were tested for synergy vis {\`a} vis acute toxicity and feeding deterrence. trans-Anethole acted synergistically with thymol, citronellal, and alpha-terpineol, in terms of both acute toxicity and feeding deterrence. On the basis of these findings, several complex mixtures were developed and tested as leads for effective control agents. Candidate mixtures demonstrated good synergistic effects. The observed LD(50) of mixture 3 was 40.6 microg/larvae compared to an expected value of 74.6 microg/larvae. The result of this research is a proprietary product suitable for commercial production},
	isbn = {0021-8561},
	url = {http://muse.lib.auth.gr:9797/com/csa/?MuseHost=www-mi2.csa.com\&MuseFirst=1\&id=2\&recnum=6\&SID=b8599c660c0d7abb640bacacd8dd54da\&MusePath=/ids70/view_record.php},
	author = {Hummelbrunner, L A and Isman, M B}
}
@inbook {1774,
	title = {Characterization of the Volatile Composition of Essential Oils of Some Lamiaceae Spices and the Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of the Entire Oils},
	booktitle = {Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry},
	volume = {54; 54},
	year = {2006},
	month = {2006///},
	pages = {1822 - 1828},
	abstract = {The essential oils of Ocimum basilicum L., Origanum vulgare L., and Thymus vulgaris L. were analyzed by means of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and assayed for their antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. The antioxidant activity was evaluated as a free radical scavenging capacity (RSC), together with effects on lipid peroxidation (LP). RSC was assessed measuring the scavenging activity of the essential oils on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil (DPPH) and OH radicals. Effects on LP were evaluated following the activities of essential oils in Fe2+/ascorbate and Fe2+/H2O2 systems of induction. Essential oils exhibited very strong RSCs, reducing the DPPH radical formation (IC50) in the range from 0.17 (oregano) to 0.39 g/mL (basil). The essential oil of T. vulgaris exhibited the highest OH radical scavenging activity, although none of the examined essential oils reached 50\% of neutralization (IC50). All of the tested essential oils strongly inhibited LP, induced either by Fe2+/ascorbate or by Fe2+/H2O2. The antimicrobial activity was tested against 13 bacterial strains and six fungi. The most effective antibacterial activity was expressed by the essential oil of oregano, even on multiresistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. A significant rate of antifungal activity of all of the examined essential oils was also exhibited},
	isbn = {0021-8561},
	url = {http://muse.lib.auth.gr:9797/com/csa/?MuseHost=www-mi2.csa.com\&MuseFirst=1\&id=2\&recnum=2\&SID=54cb5ee3ad7ac982e501634b8323fbe4\&MusePath=/ids70/view_record.php},
	author = {Bozin, B and Mimica-Dukic, N and Simin, N and Anackov, G}
}
@inbook {1712,
	title = {Essential oils from Mediterranean lamiaceae as weed germination inhibitors},
	booktitle = {Journal of agricultural and food chemistry},
	volume = {51; 51},
	year = {2003},
	note = {From Duplicate 1 (                           Essential oils from Mediterranean lamiaceae as weed germination inhibitors                         - Macchia, Mario; Flamini, Guido; Angelini, LucianaG G; Carpanese, Giovanna; Cioni, PierLuigi L; Morelli, Ivano )                
},
	month = {2003/10//},
	pages = {6158 - 6164},
	abstract = {The essential oils obtained from rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.), thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.), and savory (Satureja montana L.) and the four monoterpenes that are their major constituents have been analyzed by GC and GC-MS and tested for their allelopathic properties on the seeds of three different annual weeds (Chenopodium album, Portulaca oleracea, and Echinochloa crus-galli) and three crops (Raphanus sativus, Capsicum annuum, and Lactuca sativa), with the aim to evaluate in vitro their potential as germination inhibitors. The essential oil composition varied with the species, thymol being the main constituent (44\%) of thyme and carvacrol (57\%) that of savory oil. Differences in essential oil composition were observed within two different rosemary ecotypes, type A, with alpha-pinene (37\%) and 1,8-cineole (23\%), and type B, characterized by a 2-fold content of 1,8-cineole (47\%). This latest essential oil inhibited completely the germination of weeds while concurrently displaying little effect on pepper. The other two oils showed less selective action. S. montana essential oil, with 57\% carvacrol, is the most active compound, completely inhibiting germination both of crops and weeds. Borneol, one of the main constituents of the oil of rosemary type B, showed an activity comparable to that of the whole oil. Crop and weed seeds treated with 1,8-cineole showed germination values that were not significantly different from controls, even if a slowing of the germination process expressed in terms of a significant increase in mean germination time was observed. Monoterpene compounds also present in the essential oils mainly represented the volatile fraction released from the crops and their residues into the soil},
	isbn = {0021-8561},
	url = {http://muse.lib.auth.gr:9797/com/csa/?MuseHost=www-mi2.csa.com\&MuseFirst=1\&id=2\&recnum=3\&SID=b8599c660c0d7abb640bacacd8dd54da\&MusePath=/ids70/view_record.php},
	author = {Angelini, Luciana G. and Carpanese, Giovanna and Cioni, Pier Luigi and Morelli, Ivano and Macchia, Mario and Flamini, Guido}
}
