@article {1989,
	title = {SALVIA ( LAMIACEAE ) IS NOT MONOPHYLETIC : IMPLICATIONS FOR THE SYSTEMATICS , RADIATION , AND ECOLOGICAL SPECIALIZATIONS OF SALVIA AND TRIBE MENTHEAEI The genus Salvia ( tribe Mentheae , Lamiaceae ) represents an enormous and cosmopolitan assemblage of ne},
	volume = {91},
	year = {2004},
	month = {2004///},
	pages = {1115 - 1125},
	keywords = {enormous and cosmopolitan assemblage, Lamiaceae, mentheae, of nearly 1000 spe-, phylogenetics, rbcl, represents an, rosmiarinmis, salvia, stamen, the genus salvia, tribe mentheae, trnl-f},
	author = {Walker, B and Sytsma, Kenneth J and Treutlein, Jens and Wink, Michael}
}
@article {1977,
	title = {Genetic variation for sexual dimorphism in flower size within and between populations of gynodioecious Thymus vulgaris},
	journal = {Journal of Evolutionary Biology},
	volume = {15},
	year = {2002},
	note = {From Duplicate 2 (                           Genetic variation for sexual dimorphism in flower size within and between populations of gynodioecious Thymus vulgaris                         - Thompson, J D; Rolland, A -G G; Prugnolle, F )                
},
	month = {2002/05//},
	pages = {362 - 372},
	address = {Affiliation: Ctr. d{\textquoteright}Ecol. Fonction. et Evolutive, CNRS, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France},
	abstract = {There has been very little empirical study of quantitative genetic variation in flower size in sexually dimorphic plant species, despite the frequent occurrence of flower size differences between sexual phenotypes. In this study we quantify the nature of q},
	keywords = {Flower size, Genetic variation, Gynodioecy, Lamiaceae, Sexual dimorphism},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0036095449\&partnerID=40\&rel=R6.5.0http://muse.lib.auth.gr:9797/com/blackwell-synergy/?MuseHost=www.blackwell-synergy.com\&MuseFirst=1\&prevSearch=allfield:(thymus+AND+(labiatae+OR+lamiaceae))\&StartMu},
	author = {Thompson, J. D. and Rolland, A.-G. and Prugnolle, F.}
}
@article {1982,
	title = {Influence of modified oxygen and carbon dioxide atmospheres on mint and thyme plant growth, morphogenesis and secondary metabolism in vitro},
	journal = {Plant Cell Reports},
	volume = {20},
	year = {2002},
	note = {From Duplicate 1 (                           Influence of modified oxygen and carbon dioxide atmospheres on mint and thyme plant growth, morphogenesis and secondary metabolism in vitro                         - Tisserat, B; Vaughn, S F; Silman, R )                
},
	month = {2002/03//},
	pages = {912 - 916},
	address = {Affiliation: U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Fermentation Biotechnology Research Unit, 1815 N University St., Peoria, IL 61604, United States; Affiliation: U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Cen},
	abstract = {Growth (fresh weight) and morphogenesis (production of leaves, roots and shoots) of mint (Mentha sp. L.) and thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) shoots were determined under atmospheres of 5\%, 10\%, 21\%, 32\%, or 43\% O2 with either 350 or 10,000 μmol mol-1 CO2. Plants were grown in vitro on Murashige and Skoog salts, 3\% sucrose and 0.8\% agar under a 16/8-h (day/night) photoperiod with a light intensity of 180 μmol s-1 m-2. Growth and morphogenesis responses varied considerably for the two plant species tested depending on the level of O2 administered. Growth was considerably enhanced for both species under all O2 levels tested when 10,000 μmol mol-1 CO2 was added as compared to growth responses obtained at the same O2 levels tested with 350 μmol mol-1 CO2. Mint shoots exhibited high growth and morphogenesis responses for all O2 levels tested with 10,000 μmol mol-1 CO2. In contrast, thyme shoots exhibited enhanced growth and morphogenesis when cultured in >=21\% O2 with 10,000 μmol mol-1 CO2 included compared to shoots cultured under lower O2 levels. Essential oil compositions (i.e. monoterpene, piperitenone oxide from mint and aromatic phenol, thymol from thyme) were analyzed from CH2Cl2 extracts via gas chromatography from the shoot portion of plants grown at all O2 levels. The highest levels of thymol were produced from thyme shoots cultured under 10\% and 21\% O2 with 10,000 μmol mol-1 CO2 and levels were considerably lower in shoots grown under either lower or higher O2 levels. Higher levels of piperitenone oxide were obtained from mint cultures grown under >=21\% O2 with 10,000 μmol mol-1 CO2 compared to that obtained with lower O2 levels.},
	keywords = {CO2 enrichment, Lamiaceae, Mentha sp., Thymol, Thymus sativa},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0036218904\&partnerID=40\&rel=R6.5.0},
	author = {Tisserat, B and Vaughn, S F and Silman, R}
}
@article {1983,
	title = {The essential oils of Satureja coerulea Janka and Thymus aznavourii Velen.},
	journal = {Flavour and Fragrance Journal},
	volume = {13},
	year = {1998},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996): 20},
	month = {1998///},
	pages = {65 - 67},
	address = {Affiliation: Department of Biology, Faculty of Education, Balikesir University, 10100 Balikesir, Turkey; Affiliation: Med. Arom. Plant and Drug Res. Ctr., Anadolu University, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey},
	abstract = {Satureja coerulea Janka and Thymus aznavourii Velen. are endangered species. Thymus aznavourii is an endemic species in Turkey. Satureja coerulea has a narrow distribution in Turkey and Bulgaria. Water-distilled essential oils from the aerial parts of these species were analysed by GC-MS. The main component in the oils was identified as germacrene-D.},
	keywords = {Essential oils, Germacrene-D, Lamiaceae, Satureja coerulea Janka, Thymus aznavourii Velen.},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0031886592\&partnerID=40\&rel=R6.5.0},
	author = {Tümen, G and Başer, K H C and Demirci, B and Ermin, N}
}
@article {1974,
	title = {Qualitative and quantitative variation in monoterpene co-occurrence and composition in the essential oil of Thymus vulgaris chemotypes},
	journal = {Journal of Chemical Ecology},
	volume = {29},
	year = {2003},
	note = {From Duplicate 1 (                           Qualitative and quantitative variation in monoterpene co-occurrence and composition in the essential oil of Thymus vulgaris chemotypes                         - Thompson, J D; Chalchat, J C -C; Michet, A; Linhart, Y B; Ehlers, B )                
},
	month = {2003/04//},
	pages = {859 - 880},
	address = {Affiliation: Ctr. d{\textquoteright}Ecologie Fonct. et Evolutive, CNRS, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France; Affiliation: Lab. Chim. des Huiles Essentielles, Universite Blaise Pascal de Clermont, Campus des Cézeaux, 24 Avenue des Landais, 63177 Aubie},
	abstract = {Thymus vulgaris has a chemical polymorphism with six different chemotypes that show marked spatial segregation in nature. Although some populations have a single chemotype in majority, many have two or three chemotypes. In this study we analyze the quantitative variation among T. vulgaris populations in the percentage of oil composed of the dominant monoterpene(s) for each chemotype. In general, phenolic chemotypes (thymol and carvacrol), which occur at the end of the biosynthetic chain, have a significantly lower proportion of their oil composed of their dominant monoterpene than nonphenolic chemotypes (geraniol, α-terpineol, and linalool). This is due to the presence of high amounts of precursors (γ-terpinene and paracymene) in the oil of phenolic chemotypes. The essential oil of the nonphenolic thuyanol chemotype has four characteristic monoterpenes that together make up a lower proportion of the oil than the single dominant monoterpene of the other nonphenolic chemotypes. For all chemotypes, the percentage composition of the dominant monoterpene decreased significantly at sites where the chemotype is not the majority type. This decrease is correlated with a significant increase in either the proportion of the two precursors for the thymol chemotype or the monoterpenes characteristic of the other chemotypes at the site. The latter result suggests that a plant with dominant genes is responsible for the production of different monoterpenes can produce several molecules.},
	keywords = {Adaptation, Essential oil composition, Lamiaceae, Mediterranean, Monoterpene production, Polymorphism},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0242499958\&partnerID=40\&rel=R6.5.0},
	author = {Thompson, J D and Chalchat, J C -C and Michet, A and Linhart, Y B and Ehlers, B}
}
@article {1957,
	title = {The composition of Thymus serpyllum L. Oil},
	journal = {Journal of Essential Oil Research},
	volume = {16},
	year = {2004},
	month = {2004///},
	pages = {184 - 185},
	address = {Affiliation: Res. Inst. of Forests and Rangelands, P.O. Box 13185-116, Tehran, Iran; Affiliation: Shahid Beheshti University, Faculty of Science, Chemistry Department, Tehran, Iran},
	abstract = {The essential oils isolated by steam distillation from the aerial parts of Thymus serpyllum, before flowering and at full flowering stage were analyzed by capillary GC and GC/MS. Among the 34 compounds identified, the major components were γ-terpinene (21.9\% and 22.7\%), p-cymene (21.1\% and 20.7\%), thymol (18.7\% and 18.7\%) and germacrene D (6.0\% and 5.1\%) before flowering and at full flowering stage, respectively.},
	keywords = {Essential oil composition, Lamiaceae, P-cymene, Thymol, Thymus serpyllum, γ-terpinene},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-2442448614\&partnerID=40\&rel=R6.5.0},
	author = {Sefidkon, F and Dabiri, M and Mirmostafa, S A}
}
@article {1948,
	title = {Volatile oil variability in Thymus serpylloides ssp. gadorensis growing wild in Southeastern spain},
	journal = {Biochemical Systematics and Ecology},
	volume = {29},
	year = {2001},
	note = {From Duplicate 1 (                           Volatile oil variability in Thymus serpylloides ssp. gadorensis growing wild in Southeastern spain                         - Saez, F )                
},
	month = {2001/02//},
	pages = {189 - 198},
	address = {Affiliation: Geology Department, Fac. of Math. and Natural Sciences, Bergen University, Allégaten 41, 5007-Bergen, Norway},
	abstract = {Volatile oils from single plants of Thymus serpylloides ssp. gadorensis were collected from Southeastern Spain and studied to check for chemical variability using gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Many of the samples showed a phenolic chemotype, while another important group had significant levels of linalool. Geraniol, myrcene, caryophyllene oxide, terpinen-4-o1 and 1,8-cineole were commonly present. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Cluster Analysis (CA) of this chemical variability separated two groups of plants characterized by either phenols or linalool, and an isolated third type with geraniol. A few samples were found to have both phenolic and non-phenolic compounds in high quantities, thus showing a mixed chemotype. Multidimensional scaling analysis (MDS) of the percentage concentration for each component of the essential oil showed that thymol, linalool, 1,8-cineole, borneol and geraniol have clear divergent vectors. {\textcopyright} 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd.},
	keywords = {caryophyllene oxide, Essential oil, Geraniol, Lamiaceae, Linalool, Myrcene, Thymol, Thymus serpylloides ssp. gadorensis},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0035177231\&partnerID=40\&rel=R6.5.0},
	author = {Saez, F}
}
@article {1949,
	title = {Essential oil variability of Thymus baeticus growing wild in southeastern Spain},
	journal = {Biochemical Systematics and Ecology},
	volume = {27},
	year = {1999},
	note = {From Duplicate 1 (                           Essential oil variability of Thymus baeticus growing wild in southeastern Spain                         - Sáez, F )                
},
	month = {1999/04//},
	pages = {269 - 276},
	address = {Affiliation: Depto. de Biologia Veg.(Botanica), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, 30.100-Espinardo (Murcia), Spain},
	abstract = {Essential oils of Thymus baeticus collected from southeastern Spain were analysed using gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry techniques, to check for chemical variability The sampled individuals showed important differences in their content of 1,8-cineole, borneol, linalool, geranial, tr-sabinene hydrate and terpinen-4-ol with some strong inter-relationships between these compounds. Thymol and carvacrol were recorded only in small quantities. Principal component analysis and cluster analysis revealed great variability, with the samples being quite isolated and distancing from each other, although a major group of individuals characterized by terpinen-4-ol was detected. Multidimensional scaling analysis of the percentage concentration for each identified component of the essential oil showed terpinen-4-ol, 1,8-cineole and borneol to be the most divergent components. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {1, 8-cineole, Borneol, Chemotaxonomy, Essential oil, Lamiaceae, Terpinen-4-ol, Thymus baeticus},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0033121007\&partnerID=40\&rel=R6.5.0},
	author = {Sáez, F}
}
@article {1952,
	title = {Essential oil composition and variability of Thymus lotocephalus and Thymus x mourae},
	journal = {Biochemical Systematics and Ecology},
	volume = {28},
	year = {2000},
	note = {From Duplicate 1 (                           Essential oil composition and variability of Thymus lotocephalus and Thymus x mourae                         - Salgueiro, L R; Vila, R; Tomàs, X; Cañigueral, S; Paiva, J; ProençaDaCunha, A; Adzet, T; Tomas, X; Canigueral, S; da Cunha, A P )                
},
	month = {2000/06//},
	pages = {457 - 470},
	address = {Affiliation: Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Faculdade Farmacia, Univ. C., Coimbra, Portugal; Affiliation: Unitat de Farmacol. I Farmacog., Facultat Farmacia, Univ. B., Barcelona, Spain; Affiliation: Departament de Quimiometria, Inst. Quimic de Sarria, E-},
	abstract = {The composition of the essential oils of four populations of Thymus lotocephalus G. Lopez and R. Morales and one population of T. x mourae Paiva and Salgueiro, two endemic taxa from Portugal, was investigated mainly by GC and GC-MS. T x mourae is a natural hybrid between T. lotocephalus and T. mastichina (L.) L. subsp, donyanae R. Morales, which essential oil was analysed for the first time. In its oil, it was possible to find compounds of both parents, which could enable us to confirm its intermediate status between those two taxa. 1,8-Cineole and borneol were the main constituents in the essential oil of T. x mourae, whereas linalool, geranyl acetate and 1,8- cineol were the major ones in T. lotocephalus. Intermedeol was also an important constituent in the oils of both taxa. Nevertheless, the volatile oils of the four populations investigated of T. lotocephalus showed important differences among the main constituents. In order to study their infraspecific variability, the results obtained in the analysis of individual plants were submitted to a Principal Component and Chemometric Cluster Analyses. Five types of essential oils were found: linalool, 1,8-cineole, linalool/1,8-cineole, linalyl acetate/linalool and geranyl acetate. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd.},
	keywords = {Essential oils, GC- MS, Infraspecific variability, Lamiaceae, Thymus lotocephalus, Thymus x mourae},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0034101406\&partnerID=40\&rel=R6.5.0},
	author = {Salgueiroa, L{\i}́gia R. and Vilab, Roser and Tom{\`a}sc, Xavier and Ca{\~n}igueralb, Salvador and Paivad, Jorge and Cunhaa, Ant{\'o}nio Proen{\c c}a da and Adzet, Tom{\`a}s}
}
@article {1953,
	title = {Composition and infraspecific variability of essential oil from Thymus camphoratus},
	journal = {Phytochemistry},
	volume = {45},
	year = {1997},
	note = {From Duplicate 1 (                           Composition and infraspecific variability of essential oil from Thymus camphoratus                         - Salgueiro, L R; Vila, R; Tomi, F; Tomas, X; Cañigueral, S; Casanova, J; DaCunha, A P; Adzet, T; Canigueral, S )                
},
	month = {1997/07//},
	pages = {1177 - 1183},
	address = {Affiliation: Laboratorio de Farmacognosia, Faculdade de Farmacia, Universidade de Coimbra, Rua do Norte, 3000-Coimbra, Portugal; Affiliation: Unitat de Farmacol. i Farmacognosia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, E-08028 },
	abstract = {The composition of the essential oils of seven populations of Thymus camphoratus from Portugal and their infraspecific variability were investigated by GC, GC-mass spectrometry and 13C NMR. The results obtained from GC analyses of the volatile oils from individual plants were submitted to Principal Component and Chemometric Cluster analyses. 1,8-Cineole, linalool, borneol, α-pinene, camphene, trans-sabinene hydrate, and terpinen- 4-ol were the main constituents. 13C NMR spectra of the essential oil, previously fractioned by column chromatography, let to the identification of two new oxygenated sesquiterpenes for the genus Thymus: intermedeol, which is reported for the first time in the Lamiaceae, and homalomenol-D. Multivariate analysis enabled four different groups of essential oils to be distinguished: (i) linalool, (ii) borneol, (iii) 1,8-cineole and (iv) 1.8-cineole/borneol.},
	keywords = {Essential oil, Homalomenol- D, Infraspecific variability, Intermedeol, Lamiaceae, multivariate analysis, Thymus camphoratus},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0031000298\&partnerID=40\&rel=R6.5.0},
	author = {Salgueiroa, Ligia R. and Vilab, Roser and Tomic, Felix and Tomasd, Xavier and Ca{\~n}igueralb, Salvador and Casanovac, Joseph and Cunhaa, Ant{\'o}nio Proen{\c c}a da and Adzet, Thomas}
}
@article {1954,
	title = {Essential oil polymorphism of Thymus praecox subsp. arcticus on the British Isles},
	journal = {Biochemical Systematics and Ecology},
	volume = {32},
	year = {2004},
	note = {From Duplicate 1 (                           Essential oil polymorphism of Thymus praecox subsp. arcticus on the British Isles                         - Schmidt, A; Bischof-Deichnik, C; Stahl-Biskup, E )                
},
	month = {2004/04//},
	pages = {409 - 421},
	address = {Affiliation: Abt. Pharmazeut. Biol. Mikrobiol., Institut für Pharmazie, Universität Hamburg, Bundesstrasse 45, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany},
	abstract = {The essential oils of 732 individual plants of Thymus praecox Opiz subsp. arcticus (E. Durand) Jalas (syn. T. drucei Ronn.) collected in Scotland, Ireland, and in the south of England have been analysed by gas chromatography (GC) and mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in order to elucidate the chemical character of this subspecies on the British Isles. In total, 69 components were identified, most of them monoterpenoids and sesquiterpenoids with hedycaryol, linalyl acetate, linalool, the germacradienols, trans-nerolidol, T-cadinol, and β-caryophyllene being the most important compounds. The analysis of the quantitative essential oil data by means of neural networks revealed that T. praecox subsp. arcticus growing in Britain is highly polymorphous. There were 17 chemotypes with the hedycaryol chemotype as the most frequent (24\% of the plants), followed by the linalool/linalyl acetate chemotype (22\% of the plants) and germacra-1(10),4-dien-6-ol chemotype (18\% of the plants). It seems that each part of the British Isles has its special chemotype pattern with 13 chemotypes in Scotland, 11 in Ireland, and 17 in the south of England. An overview of the North Atlantic region of Europe revealed that the polymorphism of T. praecox subsp. arcticus in the essential oil is more distinctive in the southern than in the northern regions, with only 2, 5, and 1 chemotypes in Greenland, Iceland, and Norway, respectively. {\textcopyright} 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {British Isles, Chemotypes, Essential oil, Hedycaryol, Lamiaceae, linalyl acetate, Neuronal networks, Thymus praecox subsp. arcticus},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-1642372459\&partnerID=40\&rel=R6.5.0},
	author = {Schmidt, A and Bischof-Deichnik, C and Stahl-Biskup, E}
}
@article {1936,
	title = {Comparison of the insecticidal effects of water extracted and intact aromatic plants on Acanthoscelides obtectus, a bruchid beetle pest of kidney beans},
	journal = {Chemoecology},
	volume = {5-6},
	year = {1995},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996): 7},
	month = {1995///},
	pages = {1 - 5},
	address = {Affiliation: Département des Sciences Biologiques CURS IBEAS, Université de Pau et des Pays de l{\textquoteright}Adour, Av. de l{\textquoteright}Université, Pau, F-64000, France},
	abstract = {Acanthoscelides obtectus (Say) is one of the most damaging pests of kidney beans, Phaseolus vulgaris L. worldwide. However, aromatic plants from the families Lamiaceae, Lauraceae, Myrtaceae and Poaceae can protect kidney beans by direct or delayed insecticidal effect, through increased adult mortality and inhibition of beetle reproduction (both oviposition and adult emergence). The efficiency of hydrodistillated and intact plants from Thymus vulgaris and T. serpyllum, Mentha piperata, Rosmarinus officinalis, Satureia hortensis, Eucalyptus globulus, Laurus nobilis, Origanum vulgare, and Cymbopogon nardus was compared. For both extracts, Origanum vulgare had the best effect. The insecticidal effect was induced by more than the essential oils because no significant difference was noticed between distilled and intact plants extract. Inhibition of reproduction was particularly important. These results suggest that lipidic as well as non lipidic, allelochemicals, such as phenolics, or non-protein amino-acids, or flavonoids may be involved in the toxicity of aromatic plants to this beetle. {\textcopyright} 1995 Birkhäuser Verlag.},
	keywords = {Acanthoscelides obtectus, adult mortality, aromatic hydrodistillated and non hydrodistillated, Bruchidae, Coleoptera, Cymbopogon, Eucalyptus, Lamiaceae, larval mortality, Lauraceae, Laurus, Mentha, Myrtaceae, Origanum, oviposition inhibition, Poaceae, Rosmarinus, Satureia, Thymus},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-34249759937\&partnerID=40\&rel=R6.5.0},
	author = {Regnault-Roger, C and Hamraoui, A}
}
@booklet {1926,
	title = {[Sene. Serpillum. Saturagia]},
	year = {1350},
	note = {3 drawings; In: Pierpont Morgan Library. Manuscript. M 873. [Compendium Salernitanum]. [ca. 1350] fol. 83v Series:             M 873; Genre/Form: Italy -- 1350.; Note(s): Northern Italy, or Venezia Tridentina, middle of the 14th century./ Caption for first image: Sene./ Caption for second image: Serpillum./ Caption for third image: Saturagia./; Entry: 19920904; Update: 20070820},
	month = {1350///},
	abstract = {Three plants: Plant, top, horizontal, growing from l., "Sene" (family Leguminosae, subfamily Cesalpinioideae), Cassia acutifolia or C. angustifolia or C. obovata with kidney-shaped leguminus siliqus. Plant, center, "Serpillum" (family Lamiaceae, formerly Labiatae) Thymus serpyllum, Wild thyme, Lemon thyme, or T. vulgaris, Garden thyme, Common thyme, or Origanum dictamnus, Dittany of Crete. Plant, bottom, horizontal, growing from the l., "Saturagia" (family Lamiaceae, formerly Labiatae) Satureia hortensis, Summer Savory. Illustration for Platearius{\textquoteright} Circa instans.},
	keywords = {Graphic (grp), Lamiaceae, Leguminosae, Original artwork (oar), Plants, Medicinal, Pods (Botany)},
	author = {Platearius, Matthaeus and Italy, Circa instans. Place:}
}
@booklet {1929,
	title = {[Camelleon. Erpillos quam serpillum vocant]},
	year = {1400},
	note = {2 pictures on vellum; In: Yale Medical Library. Manuscript. 18 [Herbarium Apuleii and other works]. [ca. 1400] fol. [65] Series:             MS 18; Genre/Form: Herbal Illustrations -- Italy -- Lombardy -- 1400; Note(s): Lombardy, ca. 1400./ Rubricated text to the left of upper image: vi nomen herbe camelleon./ Rubricated text immediately following lower image (on 65v): vii nomen herbe Erpillos quam serpillum vocant./ Funding: IMMI (the Index of Medieval Medical Images in North America), supported by NLM project grant $\#$LM-04868, and by the Ahmanson Foundation. Copyright 1995, The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.; Entry: 19900525; Update: 20070218},
	month = {1400///},
	abstract = {Two plants, top one, "camelleon" probably (family Compositae, Carduus Tribe) Atractylis gummifera, White Chamaeleon, Spindlewort, though disputed, with five oblong basal leaves with deeply serrated edges extending from an apparently spherical above-ground stem with a very thick taproot. Bottom plant, "erpillos" or "serpillum" (family Lamiaceae), probably Thymus serpyllum, Lemon Thyme, Wild Thyme, a slender stem branching into three and bearing opposite, elliptical leaves with serrate edges. Plant topped with six flower heads showing clusters of bracts protecting flowers. (Cf. Riddle, J.M. "Pseudo-Dioscorides" in Journal of the history of biology, v.14, no.1 (Spring 1981), p. 73.)},
	keywords = {Compositae, Flowers, Graphic (grp), Herbs, Lamiaceae, Picture (pic), Plants, Medicinal, Roots (Botany)},
	author = {Pseudo-Dioscorides and Italy, De herbis femininis. Place: and Lombardy}
}
@article {1930,
	title = {Mycotoxic Effects of Thymus Serpyllum Oil on the Asexual Reproduction of Aspergillus Species},
	journal = {Journal of Essential Oil Research},
	volume = {15},
	year = {2003},
	month = {2003///},
	pages = {168 - 171},
	address = {Affiliation: PCSIR Laboratories, Mastung Road, Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan; Affiliation: Department of Botany, Government Girls College, Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan},
	abstract = {Mycotoxic effects of Thymus serpyllum oil on the asexual reproduction of five species of Aspergillus - A. awamori, A. niger, A. flavus, A. foetidus and A. oryzae - were investigated. Tolnaftate B.P. 1\% w/w was used as an antifungal reference drug. In addition to possessing antifungal properties, the oil inhibited all three stages of asexual reproduction, i.e. spore germination, mycelial growth and spore formation. The intensity of inhibitory effect varied with the species and the concentration of the oil used. A. niger was found to be the most sensitive at its germination stage, whereas A. foetidus was most sensitive at the mycelial growth and spore formation stage. At the same concentration, the effects of the oil and antifungal drug were the same at the mycelial growth stage, as in the case of A. oryzae. Overall, the inhibition of mycelial growth was better via T. serpyllum oil than the antifungal drug. Spore lysis was observed in the case of A. niger when spores were exposed to the oil.},
	keywords = {Asexual reproduction, Aspergillus awamori, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus foetidus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus oryzae, Aspergillus sp., Lamiaceae, Spore lysis, Thymus serpyllum},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0142165664\&partnerID=40\&rel=R6.5.0},
	author = {Rahman, M U and Gul, S}
}
@booklet {1917,
	title = {[Herpylos]},
	year = {880},
	note = {1 drawing on vellum; In: Dioscorides Pedanius, of Anazarbos. [De materia medica and minor works, paraphrases by Euteknios of the Theriaca and Alexipharmaca of Nicander, and of the Haliutika of Oppianus]. [between 880 and 898?] fol. 43 Series:             M 652 Uniform Title:      De materia medica; Genre/Form: Herbal illustrations -- Turkey -- Istanbul -- 876-900; Note(s): Title from caption./ Constantinople, last quarter of the ninth century ca. (880-898)./ Funding: IMMI (the Index of Medieval Medical Images in North America), supported by NLM project grant $\#$LM-04868, and by the Ahmanson Foundation. Copyright 1995, The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.; Entry: 19920413; Update: 20070127},
	month = {0880///},
	abstract = {One plant, "Herpylos," (family Lamiaceae, formerly Labiatae) Thymus serpyllum, Thymus glabratus, Lemon Thyme, Wild Thyme, realistic, slightly above center, has small opposite ovate leaves with acuminate tips, cuneate bases, and entire edges. Spherical flower clusters grow on two small interaxial panicles. For a sketch of a related image, see Gunther, Greek Herbal, 1934, III, 46, p. 282, or, for a detailed color reproduction of the latter image, see Vienna Ms. Gr. 1, The Juliana Anicia Codex, facsim., Graz, 1970, fol. 111. Adjacent text: Dioscorides{\textquoteright} De materia medica.},
	keywords = {Flowers, Graphic (grp), Herbs, Lamiaceae, Original artwork (oar), Plants, Medicinal},
	author = {Pedanius, Dioscorides and Anazarbos, of and Turkey, De materia medica. Place: and Istanbul}
}
@booklet {1918,
	title = {[Herpylos]},
	year = {880},
	note = {1 drawing on vellum; In: Dioscorides Pedanius, of Anazarbos. [De materia medica and minor works, paraphrases by Euteknios of the Theriaca and Alexipharmaca of Nicander, and of the Haliutika of Oppianus]. [between 880 and 898?] fol. 43 Series: M 652 Uniform Title: De materia medica; Genre/Form: Herbal illustrations {\textendash} Turkey {\textendash} Istanbul {\textendash} 876-900; Note(s): Title from caption./ Constantinople, last quarter of the ninth century ca. (880-898)./ Funding: IMMI (the Index of Medieval Medical Images in North America), supported by NLM project grant $\#$LM-04868, and by the Ahmanson Foundation. Copyright 1995, The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.; Entry: 19920413; Update: 20070127},
	month = {0880///},
	abstract = {One plant, "Herpylos," (family Lamiaceae, formerly Labiatae) Thymus serpyllum, Thymus glabratus, Lemon Thyme, Wild Thyme, realistic, slightly above center, has small opposite ovate leaves with acuminate tips, cuneate bases, and entire edges. Spherical flower clusters grow on two small interaxial panicles. For a sketch of a related image, see Gunther, Greek Herbal, 1934, III, 46, p. 282, or, for a detailed color reproduction of the latter image, see Vienna Ms. Gr. 1, The Juliana Anicia Codex, facsim., Graz, 1970, fol. 111. Adjacent text: Dioscorides{\textquoteright} De materia medica.},
	keywords = {Flowers, Graphic (grp), Herbs, Lamiaceae, Medicinal, Original artwork (oar), Plants},
	author = {Pedanius, Dioscorides and of Anazarbos and materia medica. Place: Turkey, De and Istanbul}
}
@article {1908,
	title = {A comparison between the oil and supercritical carbon dioxide extract of Hungarian wild thyme (Thymus serpyllum L.)},
	journal = {Journal of Essential Oil Research},
	volume = {8},
	year = {1996},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996): 4},
	month = {1996///},
	pages = {333 - 335},
	address = {Affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Technical University of Budapest, H-1521 Budapest, Hungary; Affiliation: Institute of Pharmacognosy, Semmelweis University of Medicine, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary},
	abstract = {Two samples of wild thyme (Thymus serpyllum L.), which were collected from different locations in Hungary, were subjected to CO2 extraction and oil isolation by hydrodistillation. Using GC and GC/MS as the method of analysis their compositions were compared. Analysis revealed that the oils and extracts contained the same components although they differed quantitatively. The concentration of p-cymene, borneol, nerol and carvacrol was higher in the distilled oil than in the volatile concentrate obtained by SFE.},
	keywords = {Carvacrol, CO2 extract composition, Essential oil composition, Lamiaceae, Thymol, Thymus serpyllum, Wild thyme},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0030148197\&partnerID=40\&rel=R6.5.0},
	author = {Oszagyán, M and Simándi, B and Sawinsky, J and Kéry, Á}
}
@article {1909,
	title = {Supercritical fluid extraction of volatile compounds from lavandin and thyme},
	journal = {Flavour and Fragrance Journal},
	volume = {11},
	year = {1996},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996): 29},
	month = {1996///},
	pages = {157 - 165},
	address = {Affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Technical University of Budapest, H-1521 Budapest, Hungary; Affiliation: Institute of Pharmacognosy, Semmelweis University of Medicine, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary; Affiliation: Department of General, Technica},
	abstract = {Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of lavandin flowers and thyme herb using carbon dioxide was carried out under different extraction conditions. A stepwise increase of the extraction pressure resulted in the fractionation of the extracts into liquid and pasty products. Investigations on other ways of fractionation of the extracts were conducted, such as a single extraction and release of carbon dioxide at two stages by using two separators in series to effect the separation of the dissolved components. The SFE products were compared with essential oils obtained by conventional steam distillation. In the case of lavandin flowers, SFE products were found to be markedly different from the corresponding steam distilled oil. A remarkable amount of α-terpineol was present, and the ratio of linalol to linalyl acetate was extremely high in the steam-distilled essential oil in comparison with the supercritical fluid extract, which resulted from the hydrolysis of components during steam distillation. SFE of thyme gave a product which contained 10-15\% thymol and 30-35\% carvacrol, while steam distillation produced an oil containing 48-50\% thymol and only 8-10\% carvacrol. When the SFE products were collected as separate samples successively in time, marked changes were observed in the composition of the samples as the extraction progressed. Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of lavandin flowers and thyme herb using carbon dioxide was carried out under different extraction conditions. A stepwise increase of the extraction pressure resulted in the fractionation of the extracts into liquid and pasty products. Investigations on other ways of fractionation of the extracts were conducted, such as a single extraction and release of carbon dioxide at two stages by using two separators in series to effect the separation of the dissolved components. The SFE products were compared with essential oils obtained by conventional steam distillation. In the case of lavandin flowers, SFE products were found to be markedly different from the corresponding steam distilled oil. A remarkable amount of α-terpineol was present, and the ratio of linalol to linalyl acetate was extremely high in the steam-distilled essential oil in comparison with the supercritical fluid extract, which resulted from the hydrolysis of components during steam distillation. SFE of thyme gave a product which contained 10-15\% thymol and 30-35\% carvacrol, while steam distillation produced an oil containing 48-50\% thymol and only 8-10\% carvacrol. When the SFE products were collected as separate samples successively in time, marked changes were observed in the composition of the samples as the extraction progressed.},
	keywords = {Carbon dioxide, Lamiaceae, Lavandin, Lavandula intermedia Emeric ex Loisel, Supercritical fluid extraction, Thyme, Thymus vulgaris L., Volatiles},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0029977760\&partnerID=40\&rel=R6.5.0},
	author = {Oszagyán, M and Simándi, B and Sawinsky, J and Kéry, Á and Lemberkovics, E and Fekete, J}
}
@article {1911,
	title = {A new histochemical method for localization of the site of monoterpene phenol accumulation in plant secretory structures},
	journal = {Annals of Botany},
	volume = {88},
	year = {2001},
	note = {From Duplicate 2 (                           A new histochemical method for localization of the site of monoterpene phenol accumulation in plant secretory structures                         - Gersbach, P V; Wyllie, S G; Sarafis, V )                
PT: J
        
},
	month = {2001/10//},
	pages = {521 - 525},
	abstract = {A new method is reported for the histochemical localization of monoterpene phenols in essential oil secretory structures. The method was adapted from a spot test originally devised for in vitro detection of phenolic compounds in organic analyses. Plant subjects were the Lamiaceae species Thymus vulgaris L., Oreganum vulgare L. and Mentha x piperha L., which accumulate essential oil in glandular trichomes. A reagent consisting of 4-nitrosophenol in cone. H2SO4 was applied to sample leaves of each species. A positive test for phenol was indicated by the production of coloured indophenols. Using this method, monoterpene phenols were identified in the trichomes of T. vulgaris (thymol) and O. vulgare (carvacrol), indicated by colour changes to red and green respectively. No phenol was detected in trichomes of M. x piperita. Results were confirmed by GC-MS analysis of leaf volatile extracts from each species, and In vitro tests with thymol and carvacrol. The method could be used in field surveys for rapid identification of potential medicinal plants and bioactive compounds. (C) 2001 Annals of Botany, Company.},
	keywords = {aromatic monoterpenes, d u c t, developed for qualitative, Essential oil, glandular trichomes, histochemical methods have been, histochemistry, i n t ro, i o n, Lamiaceae, mentha x piperita, oreganum, secretory structures, Thymus vulgaris, vulgare},
	url = {http://aob.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/doi/10.1006/anbo.2001.1480http://muse.lib.auth.gr:9797/org/oxfordjournals/?MuseHost=aob.oxfordjournals.org\&MuseFirst=1\&maxtoshow=\&HITS=10\&hits=10\&RESULTFORMAT=1\&fulltext=(thymus+AND+(labiatae+OR+lamiaceae))\&searchid=1\&FIR},
	author = {P.V. Gersbach and S.G. Wyllie and V. Sarafis}
}
@article {1890,
	title = {Thymus pulegioides},
	volume = {22},
	year = {1994},
	month = {1994///},
	pages = {819 - 825},
	keywords = {abstract--relationships between soil chemistry, and population chemotype structure, autecology, carbonate content in soil, chemotype pattern, Essential oil, have been studied, index--thymus pulegioides, Lamiaceae, natural selection, of thymus pulegioides, population variation, soil chemistry, suggest that an increased, the analysis of correlations},
	author = {Martonfi, Pavol and Grejtovsky, Anton}
}
@article {1892,
	title = {Seasonal variation in essential oil yield and composition from naturalized Thymus vulgaris L. in New Zealand},
	journal = {Flavour and Fragrance Journal},
	volume = {9},
	year = {1994},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996): 25},
	month = {1994///},
	pages = {347 - 352},
	address = {Affiliation: Redbank Research Station, New Zealand Inst. Crop Food Res. Ltd, PO Box 42, Clyde, New Zealand},
	abstract = {The seasonal variation in essential oil yield and composition from naturalized Thymus vulgaris L, in Central Otago, New Zealand, is reported. Essential oil yield (l/ha), from replicated, pilot-scale distillations, was influenced by both the held production of herb and the essential oil content of the herb. The oil yield peaked at 22.8 l/ha in December, after flowering had finished. Essential oil composition also varied significantly during the 13-month sampling period. Levels of the phenolic components, thymol and carvacrol, peaked at a total of 37\% after flowering in summer (December and January). p-Cymene was an important component of Central Otago thyme oils and ranged from 40\% to 50\% in winter and early spring (May to October), declining to 21\% in January. To maximize yields and phenol content of the oil, naturalized thyme in Central Otago should be harvested after flowering has finished in December.},
	keywords = {Essential oil, GC-MS, Lamiaceae, P-cymene, Seasonal variation, Thyme, Thymol, Thymus vulgaris L},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0028578069\&partnerID=40\&rel=R6.5.0},
	author = {McGimpsey, J A and Douglas, M H and VanKlink, J W and Beauregard, D A and Perry, N B}
}
@article {1876,
	title = {Chemical composition of the essential oil of Thymus serpyllum L. ssp. serpyllum growing wild in Lithuania},
	journal = {Journal of Essential Oil Research},
	volume = {18},
	year = {2006},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996): 1},
	month = {2006///},
	pages = {206 - 211},
	address = {Affiliation: Institute of Botany, Žaliuju ežeru 49, Vilnius, LT-08406, Lithuania; Affiliation: Department of Food Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilenu pl. 19, Kaunas, LT-50015, Lithuania},
	abstract = {Twenty-six samples of Thymus serpyllum ssp. serpyllum were collected from 14 habitats in Lithuania and the composition of their essential oils were analyzed by capillary gas chromatography (GC) and GC/MS. The study revealed remarkable infraspecific variation in the oil composition. Five main groups of the plants were observed using hierarchical cluster analysis based on the major essential oil constituents. Consequently, five chemotypes of T. serpyllum have been defined, namely 1,8-cineole, germacrene B, (E)-β-ocimene, (α-cadinol and ds-p-menth-2-en-1-ol. It was concluded that there is no clear relation in the oil composition between the studied varieties and chemotypes. Two chemotypes were defined within the ssp. serpyllum var. serpyllum, two chemotypes within the ssp. serpyllum var. lineatus, and one chemotype within ssp. serpyllum var. rigidus. {\textcopyright} 2006 Allured Publishing Corp.},
	keywords = {(E)-β-ocimene, (Z)-β-ocimene, 1,8-cineole, Borneol, Camphor, Cis-dihydrocarvone, cis-p-menth-2-en-1-ol, Essential oil composition, L-octen-3-ol, Lamiaceae, Myrcene, Thymus serpyllum ssp. Serpyllum, α-terpineol},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-33645795918\&partnerID=40\&rel=R6.5.0},
	author = {Ložiene, K and Venskutonis, P R}
}
@article {1877,
	title = {Influence of environmental and genetic factors on the stability of essential oil composition of Thymus pulegioides},
	journal = {Biochemical Systematics and Ecology},
	volume = {33},
	year = {2005},
	note = {From Duplicate 1 (                           Influence of environmental and genetic factors on the stability of essential oil composition of Thymus pulegioides                         - Loziene, K; Venskutonis, P R; Ložiene, K )                
},
	month = {2005/05//},
	pages = {517 - 525},
	address = {Affiliation: Institute of Botany, Zaliuju ezeru 47, LT-2021 Vilnius, Lithuania; Affiliation: Department of Food Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilenu̧ pl. 19, Kaunas LT-50015, Lithuania},
	abstract = {Thymus pulegioides plants were collected from various natural habitats of Lithuania and transferred into a new uniform environment. The plants were cloned annually at controlled conditions and their essential oil composition was monitored by capillary GC and GC/MS. The geraniol/geranial/neral (G/G/N), thymol (T), linalool (L), carvacrol/γ-terpinene/p-cymene (C/γT/pC) and thymol/carvacrol/γ-terpinene/p-cymene (T/C/γT/pC) chemotypes of T. pulegioides were studied. It was found that according to the stability of essential oil composition on a sudden change of environmental conditions two types of T. pulegioides can be distinguished: (1) plants which preserve their chemical composition of the essential oils; (2) plants, which considerably change their chemical composition of the essential oils. {\textcopyright} 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {chemical polymorphism, environmental, Environmental conditions, Essential oil, Lamiaceae, Thymus pulegioides},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-14944377694\&partnerID=40\&rel=R6.5.0http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0305197804002662},
	author = {Loziene, K and Venskutonis, P.R. R}
}
@article {1871,
	title = {The selection of Thymus vulgaris cultivars to grow in Canada},
	journal = {Journal of Essential Oil Research},
	volume = {11},
	year = {1999},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996): 4},
	month = {1999///},
	pages = {337 - 342},
	address = {Affiliation: Horticultural Research Centre, Department of Plant Science, Fac. of Agric. and Food Laval Univ., Qué., G1K 7P4, Canada; Affiliation: Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Philipps University of Marburg, Deutschhauserstr. 17A, Germany; Affili},
	abstract = {Five different cultivars of Thymus vulgaris originating from various geographical sources (Canada, Germany, former GDR and Spain) were organically cultivated in the fields in Quebec, Canada. The oils obtained through steam distillation of the dried leaves from each cultivar varied from 1.38\% to 2.04\%, depending on the cultivar used. The highest oil content was obtained from cv "Madrid" followed by "RH-1" and "Laval-1." More than 95\% of the oil, with a total of approximately 22 components were identified in the samples. Oxygenated monoterpenes were the main group of constituents in all cultivars. Cultivar "Laval-1," recently developed in Quebec, "Madrid" from Spain and "RH-1 " from Germany were established to belong to thymol-chemotypes. Cultivar "QDLB" characterized by its content of thymol (approximately 39\%), carvacrol (17\%) and linalool (3.5\%), in the oil, was also found to belong to "thymor-chemotypes, while "RH-2" with carvacrol (40\%) was found to be a carvacrol-chemotype. Though none of the cultivars had the desired levels of linalool content, "Laval-1" and "RH-1" were found to be prospective cultivars for field commercial organic cultivation in Canada. {\textcopyright} 1999 Allured Publishing Corp.},
	keywords = {Carvacrol, Chemotypes, Essential oil composition, Lamiaceae, Organic cultivation, P-cymene, Thyme, Thymol, Thymus vulgaris},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0347421484\&partnerID=40\&rel=R6.5.0},
	author = {Letchamo, W and Gosselin, A and Hoelzl, J and Marquard, R}
}
@article {1875,
	title = {Allozyme Diversity in the Tetraploid Endemic Thymus loscosii (Lamiaceae)},
	journal = {Annals of Botany},
	volume = {93},
	year = {2004},
	note = {From Duplicate 1 (                           Allozyme Diversity in the Tetraploid Endemic Thymus loscosii (Lamiaceae)                         - Lopez-Pujol, J; Bosch, Maria; Simon, Joan; Blanche, C; López-Pujol, J; Blanché, C; JORDIL{\'O}PEZ-PUJOL; MARIABOSCH; JOANSIMON; C{\`E}SARBLANCH{\'E}; L{\'O}pez-Pujol, Jordi; Blanch{\'E}, C{\`E}sar )                
},
	month = {2004/03//},
	pages = {323 - 332},
	publisher = {\&copy; Oxford University Press},
	address = {GReB, Laboratori de Bot{\`a}nica, Facultat de Farm{\`a}cia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avda. Joan XXIII s/n, E-08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; * For correspondence. Fax +34-934035879, e-mail jlopez@farmacia.far.ub.es},
	abstract = {Background and Aims Thymus loscosii (Lamiaceae) is a tetraploid perennial species endemic to the Ebro river basin (north-eastern Spain), which is included in the National Catalogue of Endangered Species. It is a tetraploid species (2n = 54), presumably an autotetraploid originated by the duplication of a 2n = 28 genome and the subsequent loss of two chromosomes. Allozyme electrophoresis was conducted to survey the levels and distribution of genetic diversity and to test the previous autopolyploid hypothesis for its origin. In addition, both in situ and ex situ conservation measures are proposed. Methods Eight populations were sampled for analysis by standard methods of starch gel electrophoresis, and six putative enzymatic loci were resolved (five consistently and one only partially). Key Results Banding patterns exhibited no evidence of fixed heterozygosity and showed both balanced and unbalanced heterozygotes. In addition, most individuals showed a pattern consistent with the presence of three or four alleles at a single locus. High levels of genetic variability were found at population level (P = 85 \%, A = 3(.)0, H-e = 0.422), in addition to a trend of an excess of heterozygotes. Conclusions Allozyme data support the hypothesis that T. loscosii is an autotetraploid, and the high number of alleles at some loci may be due to repeated polyploidization events. The high values of genetic variation found in this species agree with those expected for tetraploids. The excess of heterozygotes may be due to some barriers to inbreeding (e.g. occurrence of gynodioecy) and/or selection for heterozygosity. (C) 2004 Annals of Botany Company.},
	keywords = {Allozyme electrophoresis, Conservation, Endemic species, Genetic diversity, Lamiaceae, Tetraploidy, Thymusloscosii},
	isbn = {0305-7364},
	url = {http://muse.lib.auth.gr:9797/org/oxfordjournals/?MuseHost=aob.oxfordjournals.org\&MuseFirst=1\&maxtoshow=\&HITS=10\&hits=10\&RESULTFORMAT=1\&fulltext=(thymus+AND+(labiatae+OR+lamiaceae))\&searchid=1\&FIRSTINDEX=0\&sortspec=relevance\&resourcetype=HWCIT\&MusePath=/cg},
	author = {Lopez-Pujol, J and Bosch, Maria and Simon, Joan and Blanche, C}
}
@article {1863,
	title = {Antioxidant activity of aqueous tea infusions prepared from oregano, thyme and wild thyme},
	journal = {Food Technology and Biotechnology},
	volume = {44},
	year = {2006},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996): 1},
	month = {2006///},
	pages = {485 - 492},
	address = {Affiliation: Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Split, Teslina 10/V, HR-21 000 Split, Croatia; Affiliation: Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, HR-10 000 Zagreb, Croatia},
	abstract = {Using a multiple-method approach, antioxidant activity of aqueous tea infusions prepared from oregano (Origanum vulgare L. ssp. hirtum), thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) and wild thyme (Thymus serpyllum L.) were tested in relation to their chemical composition. Total phenolic, flavonoid, catechin and anthocyanin content was determined by spectrophotometric methods. Oregano aqueous tea infusion had the highest amount of total phenols (12 500 mg/L gallic acid equivalent, GAE) and flavonoids (9000 mg/L GAE). Identification of polyphenolic compounds in aqueous tea infusions by HPLC-PDA analysis showed a dominant presence of rosmarinic acid (in mg/g): 123.11 in oregano, 17.45 in thyme and 93.13 in wild thyme. Antioxidant activity of aqueous tea infusions was evaluated using four antioxidative methods (the β-carotene bleaching method (BCB), the 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging method, the thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TEARS assay) and the induction period of lard oxidation (Rancimat assay)). The results were compared with natural (ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol) and synthetic antioxidants, butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA). Oregano aqueous tea infusion showed the strongest antioxidant activity using three methods (the β-carotene bleaching method, DPPH radical scavening method and Rancimat assay), while thyme and wild thyme showed weaker and relatively similar antioxidant activity.},
	keywords = {Antioxidant activity, Aqueous tea infusion, Lamiaceae, Oregano, Thyme, Wild thyme},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-33845380769\&partnerID=40\&rel=R6.5.0},
	author = {Kulišić, T and Dragović-Uzelac, V and Miloš, M}
}
@article {1865,
	title = {Food-borne pathogens, health and role of dietary phytochemicals},
	journal = {Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition},
	volume = {7},
	year = {1998},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996): 22},
	month = {1998///},
	pages = {270 - 276},
	address = {Affiliation: Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amtierst, MA, United States},
	abstract = {Infectious diseases transmitted by food have become a major public health concern in recent years. In the USA alone, there are an estimated 6-33 million cases each year. The list of responsible agents continues to grow. In the past 20 years some dozen new pathogens that are primarily food-borne have been identified. Fruits and vegetables, often from the global food market, have been added to the traditional vehicles of food-borne illness; that is, undercooked meat, poultry, seafood, or unpasteurized milk. Such products are minimally processed and have fewer barriers to microbial growth such as salt, sugar or preservatives. The evolution of the epidemiology of food-borne illness requires a rethinking of traditional, though still valid, solutions for their prevention. Among various strategies to prevent food-borne pathogens, use of dietary phytochemicals is promising. The major obstacle in the use of dietary phytochemical is the consistency of phytochemicals in different foods due to their natural genetic variation. We have developed a novel tissue-culture-based selection strategy to isolate elite phenolic phytochemical-producing clonal lines of species belonging to the family Lamiaceae. Among several species we have targeted elite clonal lines of thyme (Thymus vulgaris) and oregano (Origanum vulgare) against Escherichia coli and Closiridiiim perfrigens in fresh and processed meats. We are also evaluating high phenolic profile-containing clonal lines of basil (Ocimitm basilicum) to inhibit gastric ulcer-causing Helicobacter pylori. Other elite lines of the members of the family Lamiaceae, rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) and salvia (Salvia officinalis) also hold promise against a wide range of food pathogens such as Salmonella species in poultry products and Vibrio species in seafood.},
	keywords = {Antimicrobials, Carvacrol, Diet, Food-borne pathogens, Herbs, Lamiaceae, Phytochemicals, Plant biotechnology, Thyme, Thymol},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-22444453503\&partnerID=40\&rel=R6.5.0},
	author = {Labbe, R G}
}
@article {1837,
	title = {Essential oil composition of three cultivated Thymus chemotypes from Hungary},
	journal = {Journal of Essential Oil Research},
	volume = {18},
	year = {2006},
	month = {2006///},
	pages = {315 - 317},
	address = {Affiliation: Department of Botany, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 6, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; Affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Üllõi út 26, 1085 Budapest, Hunga},
	abstract = {The essential oils of three Hungarian cultivated thymes (Thymus vulgarts L., Thymus {\texttimes} citriodorus (Pers.) Schreb, Thymus {\texttimes} citriodorus "archer{\textquoteright}s gold") were obtained by steam distillation of air-dried plant materials and analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Three different chemotypes were found. In the oil of T. vulgarts thymol (45.6\%), in T. {\texttimes} citriodorus geraniol (39.2\%) and in T. {\texttimes} citriodorus, "archer{\textquoteright}s gold," carvacrol (43.5\%) was the main component. Among the other constituents, p-cymene, β-caryophyllene, geranial, 1,8-cineole and γ-terpinene were characterized. {\textcopyright} 2006 Allured Publishing Corp.},
	keywords = {Carvacrol, Essential oil composition, Geraniol, Lamiaceae, Thymol, Thymus {\texttimes} citriodorus, Thymus {\texttimes} citriodorus "archer{\textquoteright}s gold,", Thymus vulgaris},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-33646738727\&partnerID=40\&rel=R6.5.0},
	author = {Horváth, G and Szabó, L G and Héthelyi, É and Lemberkovics, É}
}
@article {1833,
	title = {A taxonomical revision of Thymus sect. Teucrioides (Lamiaceae)},
	journal = {Plant Systematics and Evolution},
	volume = {155},
	year = {1987},
	note = {From Duplicate 1 (                           A Taxonomical Revision of Thymus Sect Teucrioides (Lamiaceae)                         - Hartvig, P )                
},
	month = {1987///},
	pages = {197 - 213},
	publisher = {Springer},
	address = {Affiliation: Botanical Laboratory, University of Copenhagen, Gothersgade 140, Copenhagen, DK-1123, Denmark},
	abstract = {The Thymus teucrioidesBoiss. \& Spruner aggregate is revised and the following new taxa, all from the alpine zone in the Greek mountains, are described:Th. leucospermusHartvig from the calcareous mountains of Pindhos and Mt Parnassos in Sterea Ellas, Th. rechingeriHartvig with the subsp. macrocalyxHartvig from calcareous mountains in Sterea Ellas and N Peloponnissos, and Th. teucrioides subsp. alpinusHartvig from the serpentine areas of N Pindhos. In the variable Th. teucrioides s. str. many characters have turned out to be markedly geographically correlated and many local populations can be distinguished by a particular combination of characters. {\textcopyright} 1987 Springer-Verlag.},
	keywords = {- mountain flora of, - t a x, angiosperms, Labiatae, Lamiaceae, Lamiaceae (Labiatae), leucospermus spec, Mountain flora of Greece, n o v, nov, o n o m, rechingeri spec, Taxonomy, teucrioides, th, Th. leucospermus spec. nov., Th. rechingeri spec. nov., Th. teucrioides, thymus sect, Thymus sect. Teucrioides, y},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0005969537\&partnerID=40\&rel=R6.5.0http://springerlink.metapress.com/content/pw57ut4682052645/?p=df3dd0cad364420b9bd7c92fc98110d6\&pi=8},
	author = {Hartvig, P}
}
@article {1818,
	title = {Essential oil composition of Thymus lotocephallus G. López \& R. Morales, collected during flowering and vegetative phases},
	journal = {Flavour and Fragrance Journal},
	volume = {16},
	year = {2001},
	note = {From Duplicate 1 (                           Essential oil composition of Thymus lotocephallus G. López \& R. Morales, collected during flowering and vegetative phases                         - Figueiredo, A C; Miguel, M G; Duarte, A M F; Barroso, J G; Pedro, L G )                
},
	month = {2001///},
	pages = {417 - 421},
	address = {Affiliation: Centro de Biotecnologia Vegetal, Dep. de Biologia Vegetal, FCL, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal},
	abstract = {The aerial parts of Thymus lotocephalus were collected during the flowering and vegetative phases of the plant in the Algarve, Portugal. The oils were isolated by hydrodistillation and distillation-extraction and analysed by GC and GC-MS. The oil isolated from the flowers was obtained in a yield of 0.9\%, whereas those isolated from the leaves during flowering and vegetative phases showed lower yields, 0.7\% and 0.2\% (v/w), respectively. The oils isolated from both the flowers and the leaves were dominated by the oxygen-containing monoterpenes (57-64\%). The monoterpene hydrocarbons (11-22\%) and the oxygen-containing sesquiterpenes (7-14\%) were the two other main fractions of these oils. 1,8-Cineole (10-19\%), linalyl acetate (6-14\%) and linalol (4-12\%) were the main components of all the oils studied. Intermedeol (2-4\%), beta -caryophyllene oxide (2-3\%) and viridiflorol (1-3\%) were the main components of the oxygen-containing sesquiterpene fraction. The diterpene abietatriene was present in trace amounts (<0.05\%) in all the oils. Depending on the plant part studied and on the isolation procedure used, these oils can be characterized either by 1,8-cineole/linalol/linalyl acetate or 1,8-cineole type. Copyright (C) 2001 John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd.},
	keywords = {Essential oils, GC, GC-MS, Lamiaceae, Thymus lotocephallus G. López \& R. Morales},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0035182964\&partnerID=40\&rel=R6.5.0},
	author = {Figueiredo, A C and Miguel, M G and Duarte, A M F and Barroso, J G and Pedro, L G}
}
@article {1794,
	title = {Composition and infraspecific variability of essential oil from Thymus herba barona Lois},
	journal = {Biochemical Systematics and Ecology},
	volume = {26},
	year = {1998},
	note = {From Duplicate 1 (                           Composition and infraspecific variability of essential oil from Thymus herba barona Lois                         - Corticchiato, M; Tomi, F; Bernardini, A F; Casanova, J )                
PT: J
        
},
	month = {1998/12//},
	pages = {915 - 932},
	address = {Affiliation: Université de Corse, Equipe Chimie et Biomasse, CRES-URA CNRS 2053, Route des Sanguinaires, 20000 Ajaccio, France; Affiliation: Université de Corse, CEVAREN, BP 52, 20250 Corte, France},
	abstract = {The composition of the essential oils of individual plants of Thymus herba barona Lois. growing wild in Corsica was investigated by GC, GC/MS an carbon-13 NMR. Eight groups of essential oil were distinguished: (i) thymol, (ii) carvacrol; (iii) linalool, (iv) geraniol, (v) alpha-terpenyl acetate, (vi) terpinen-4-ol, (vii) carvone and cis-dihydrocarvone. Three chemotypes -thymol, carvacrol and linalool - are common in the genus Thymus, two others - geraniol, a-terpenyl acetate - are scarce, while the latest three ones - terpinen-4-ol, carvone and cis-dihydrocarvone are quite original. It is the first time that the cis-dihydrocarvone chemotype is described in the genus Thymus. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {13C NMR, Carvone, Cis-dihydrocarvone, Essential oil, Infraspecific variability, Lamiaceae, Thymus herba barona Lois.},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0032391340\&partnerID=40\&rel=R6.5.0},
	author = {Corticchiato, M and Tomi, F and Bernardini, A and Casanova, J}
}
@article {1802,
	title = {Clonal selection of sabinene hydrate-rich thyme (Thymus vulgaris). Yield and chemical composition of essential oils},
	journal = {Journal of Essential Oil Research},
	volume = {12},
	year = {2000},
	note = {From Duplicate 1 (                           Clonal selection of sabinene hydrate-rich thyme (Thymus vulgaris). Yield and chemical composition of essential oils                         - Delpit, B; Lamy, J; Rolland, F; Chalchat, J C -C; Garry, R P -P )                
},
	month = {2000///},
	pages = {387 - 391},
	address = {Affiliation: Chambre d{\textquoteright}Agric. de la Drôme, avenue de la Gare, 26110 Nyons, France; Affiliation: Chimie des Huiles Essentielles, Univ. Blaise Pascal de Clermont, Campus des Cézeaux, 63177 Aubière Cédex, France},
	abstract = {An inventory of naturally occurring sabinene hydrate (4-thujanol)-rich thyme populations singled out 16 individuals of potential commercial importance. After multiplication by microcuttings and grown in a nursery, we now possess a collection that yields an oil particularly rich in sabinene hydrate (up to 62\%). The other constituents commonly found in thyme, 1,8-cineole, linalool, terpinen-4-ol, a-terpineol, geraniol, thymol and carvacrol are present only in small amounts, (trace-5.0\%).},
	keywords = {Cis-sabinene hydrate, Essential oil composition, Lamiaceae, Myrcen-8-ol, Myrcen-8-yl acetate, Thymus vulgaris, Trans-sabinene hydrate},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-15944369702\&partnerID=40\&rel=R6.5.0},
	author = {Delpit, B and Lamy, J and Rolland, F and Chalchat, J C -C and Garry, R P -P}
}
@article {1776,
	title = {Molecular phylogeny of Menthinae (Lamiaceae, Nepetoideae, Mentheae) {\textendash} Taxonomy, biogeography and conflicts},
	journal = {Molecular phylogenetics and evolution},
	volume = {55},
	year = {2010},
	month = {2010/05//},
	pages = {501 - 523},
	publisher = {Elsevier Inc.},
	abstract = {Although the subfamily Nepetoideae (Lamiaceae) is considered to be monophyletic, relationships between tribes, subtribes and genera within the subfamily are poorly understood as complex and possibly homoplasious morphological characters make taxa difficult to delimit. DNA sequence data from three regions (chloroplast: trnK intron; trnL-F; nuclear: ITS) in total including 278 accessions, representing 38 out of 40 genera of subtribe Menthinae and 11 outgroup genera, were used to reconstruct the evolutionary history, test previous hypotheses of classification, explain biogeographic patterns and elucidate character evolution. Using maximum parsimony (MP) and Bayesian analysis phylogenetic reconstructions based on nuclear and chloroplast sequence data were incongruent, consequently the data were analyzed separately. Both nuclear and chloroplast datasets provide strong support for three major lineages: the "Satureja", "Micromeria" and "Clinopodium" group. The first contains members of Satureja and Gontscharovia. In the second lineage Micromeria s.str. and Origanum were resolved as monophyletic, Pentapleura and Zataria indicated as sister groups. Thymbra includes two species of Satureja turning the latter genus polyphyletic. Thymus is revealed as paraphyletic with respect to Argantoniella and Saccocalyx in both and Origanum in the plastid dataset only. In the third lineage, the Clinopodium-group, branching pattern is highly incongruent among datasets and possibly influenced by recent and ancient hybridization, chloroplast capture and incomplete lineage sorting. However, identical terminal groups are inferred in both analyses. A Madagascan lineage of "Micromeria", sister to the recently described South African Killickia, is suggested to represent a new genus. The Himalayan Clinopodium nepalense group and the tropical African C. abyssinicum alliance are monophyletic but indicated in different positions. Both groups appear in the ITS phylogeny in a clade with Cyclotrichium and Mentha, relationships not suggested previously. The enigmatic Micromeria cymuligera is close to Mentha and possibly is a representative of this genus. Species of Acinos, now regarded as part of Clinopodium, are mixed up with species of Ziziphora, questioning either the inclusion of Acinos in Clinopodium or generic distinctness of Ziziphora. All data sets suggest a monophyly of the New World taxa and argue for long distance dispersal from the Old World, rather than a vicariance explanation. Bystropogon marks the split up between the two lineages. Inclusion of 22 genera intermixed with Clinopodium spp. in the New World clade provides evidence that the current circumscription of the genus is highly unnatural. Low sequence divergence resulting in low phylogenetic resolution especially at the base of the clade indicate a rapid radiation accompanied by considerable ecological diversification and speciation.},
	keywords = {Bayes Theorem, Cell Nucleus, Cell Nucleus: genetics, Chloroplast, Chloroplast: genetics, DNA, Evolution, Generic delimitations, Geography, Introns, Lamiaceae, Lamiaceae: classification, Lamiaceae: genetics, Menthinae, Molecular, Molecular phylogeny, Phylogeny, Plant, Plant: genetics, Satureja, Sequence Alignment, Sequence Analysis},
	isbn = {1055-7903},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20152913http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1055790310000187},
	author = {Br{\"a}uchler, Christian and Meimberg, Harald and Heubl, G{\"u}nther}
}
@article {1778,
	title = {Essential oil of Thymus bracteosus Vis. ex Benth, an endemic species of dinaric karst},
	journal = {Journal of Essential Oil Research},
	volume = {17},
	year = {2005},
	note = {From Duplicate 1 (                           Essential oil of Thymus bracteosus Vis. ex Benth., an endemic species of dinaric karst                         - Bucar, F; Maleš, Ž; Plazibat, M )                
Cited By (since 1996): 1
        
},
	month = {2005///},
	pages = {457 - 458},
	address = {Affiliation: Institute of Pharmacognosy, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 4/I, A-8010 Graz, Austria; Affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Schrottova 39, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;},
	abstract = {The essential oils of two samples of Thymus bracteosus Vis. ex Benth. (Lamiaceae) collected in Croatia were examined by CC/MS and GC-FID. The major compounds were germacrene D (29.0[percent]) and b-caryophyllene (13.1[percent]), respectively. Reprinted by permission of the publisher},
	keywords = {Essential oil composition, Germacrene D, Lamiaceae, Thymus bracteosus, β-caryophyllene},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-27744592140\&partnerID=40\&rel=R6.5.0http://muse.lib.auth.gr:9797/com/hwwilsonweb/?MuseHost=vnweb.hwwilsonweb.com\&MuseFirst=1\&prod=OMNIS\&query=200518208202036+<in>+an\&StartMuseCookie=VNWeb_Journal=84},
	author = {Bucar, F and Males, Z and Plazibat, M and Maleš, Ž}
}
@article {1756,
	title = {Multivariate statistical analysis of the essential oil composition of Thymus praecox Opiz ssp polytrichus (Kern. ex Borb,) Ronn. collected in the Tyrolean Alps},
	journal = {Flavour and Fragrance Journal},
	volume = {15},
	year = {2000},
	note = {From Duplicate 1 (                           Multivariate statistical analysis of the essential oil composition of Thymus praecox Opiz ssp. polytrichus (Kern. ex Borb.) Ronn. collected in the Tyrolean Alps                         - Bischof-Deichnik, C; Holtuijzen, J; Stahl-Biskup, E )                
Cited By (since 1996): 3
        
},
	month = {2000///},
	pages = {1 - 6},
	address = {Affiliation: Lehrst. Pharmazeut. Biol. der Univ., Bundesstrasse 43, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany},
	abstract = {The essential oils of 141 individual plants of Thymus praecox Opiz ssp. polytrichus (Kern. ex Borb.) Ronn., emend. Jalas, collected at 16 localities in the Austrian and Italian Alps (Tyrol and South Tyrol), were investigated concerning their composition and the variations therein. In total, 60 components, almost exclusively monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, were identified by GC and GC-MS. The patterns of the oils were processed by means of multivariate statistical analysis (MSA) including factor analysis (FA), cluster analysis (CA) and discriminant analysis (DA). The most plausible result, revealing 12 clusters, was obtained by a modified CA method based on the average linkage method with the Pearson correlation. Considering all other statistical results obtained, 12 oil types became evident with the following type-characterising compounds: thymol, geraniol/geranyl acetate, trans-sabinene hydrate/terpinen-4-ol, α-terpineol, linalol, linalol/linalyl acetate, borneol, trans-nerolidol, hedycaryol, T-cadinol, germacra-1(10),5-dien-4-ol, and germacra-1(10),4-dien-6-ol. All these oil types have been found before in other Thymus species. The thymol type, found for 46 samples, represented the most dominant oil type. The chemical similarity with Mediterranean and North Atlantic Thymus species indicates a mixing of southern and northern elements in the Alps, which is also reflected in the overlapping morphological characters of T. praecox ssp. polytrichus. Copyright (C) 2000 John Wiley and Sons, Ltd.},
	keywords = {Alps, Essential oil, Lamiaceae, Oil types, Polytrichus (Kern. ex. Borb.) Ronn. emend. Jalas, Statistical analysis, Thymol type, Thymus praecox Opiz ssp.},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0034062952\&partnerID=40\&rel=R6.5.0},
	author = {Bischof-Deichnik, C and Holtuijzen, J and Stahl-Biskup, E}
}
@article {1766,
	title = {Anatomical studies of some {\textquoteright}tomillos{\textquoteright} used in Argentina},
	journal = {Acta Farmaceutica Bonaerense},
	volume = {11},
	year = {1992},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996): 3},
	month = {1992///},
	pages = {129 - 138},
	address = {Affiliation: Catedra de Botanica, Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas, Universidad Nacional, Cordoba, Argentina},
	keywords = {{\textquoteright}tomillo serrano{\textquoteright}, {\textquoteright}tomillo{\textquoteright}, {\textquoteright}tomillo serrano{\textquoteright}, {\textquoteright}tomillo{\textquoteright}, Acantholippia seriphioides (gray) mold., foliar anatomy, Hedeoma multiflorum benth., Lamiaceae, Thymus vulgaris L., Verbenaceae},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0026981096\&partnerID=40\&rel=R6.5.0},
	author = {Bonzani, N and Ariza Espinar, L}
}
@article {1770,
	title = {Chemical composition, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of the essential oils isolated from Tunisian Thymus capitatus Hoff. et Link.},
	journal = {Food Chemistry},
	volume = {105},
	year = {2007},
	month = {2007///},
	pages = {146 - 155},
	address = {Affiliation: Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université Tunis el Manar, Campus Universitaire, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia; Affiliation: Faculdade de Engenharia de Recursos Naturais, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; Affiliat},
	abstract = {The chemical composition, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of essential oils isolated by hydrodistillation from the aerial parts of Tunisian Thymus capitatus Hoff. et Link. during the different phases of the plant development, and from different locations, were evaluated. The chemical composition was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The main components of the essential oils were carvacrol (62-83\%), p-cymene (5-17\%), γ-terpinene (2-14\%) and β-caryophyllene (1-4\%). The antioxidant activity of the oils (100-1000 mg l-1) was assessed by measurement of metal chelating activity, the reductive potential, the free radical scavenging (DPPH) and by the TBARS assay. The antioxidant activity was compared with that of synthetic antioxidants: butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). Both the essential oils and BHA and BHT showed no metal chelating activity. Although with the other methodologies, there was a general increase in the antioxidant activity, with increasing oil concentration, maxima being obtained in the range of 500 and 1000 mg l-1 for flowering and post-flowering phase oils. Major differences were obtained according to the methodology of antioxidant capacity evaluation. Antibacterial ability of Th. capitatus essential oils was tested by disc agar diffusion against Bacillus cereus, Salmonella sp., Listeria innocua, four different strains of Staphylococus aureus (C15, ATCC25923, CFSA-2) and a multi-resistant form of S. aureus (MRSA-2). Antibacterial properties were compared to synthetic antibiotics. Higher antibacterial activity was observed with the flowering and the post-flowering phase essential oils. {\textcopyright} 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {Antibacterial activity, Antioxidant activity, Bacillus cereus, DPPH, Essential oils, Lamiaceae, Listeria innocua, Metal chelating measurement, Reductive potential, Salmonella sp., Staphylococus aureus, TBARS, Thymus capitatus},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-34347371800\&partnerID=40\&rel=R6.5.0},
	author = {Bounatirou, S and Smiti, S and Miguel, M G and Faleiro, L and Rejeb, M N and Neffati, M and Costa, M M and Figueiredo, A C and Barroso, J G and Pedro, L G}
}
@booklet {1772,
	title = {Genetic diversity in three natural Tunisian Lamiaceae: Rosmarinus officinalis L., Lavandula multifida L. and Thymus algeriensis L. and implications for conservation},
	howpublished = {Acta Horticulturae},
	volume = {723},
	year = {2006},
	month = {2006///},
	pages = {69 - 77},
	address = {Affiliation: Department of Biology Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, National Institute of Applied Science and Technology (INSAT), Tunis Cedex, Tunisia},
	abstract = {Genetic diversity and population structure of three Tunisian Lamiaceae species Rosmarinus officinalis L., Lavandula multifida L. and Thymus algeriensis L. were assessed using allozyme electrophoresis. Populations for each species were collected from different bioclimatically zones. A high genetic variation within the populations of each species was revealed. The genotypic richness of populations before their fragmentation and the high rate of outcrossing were the main contributing factors in this high variation. Differentiation among populations was substantial for each species. Only Rosmarinus officinalis showed a significant relationship between population structure and geographic distance. Differentiation between contiguous bioclimates was less important than that recorded between discontinuous ones. Intraspecific populations genetic similarity was high. The low genetic divergence between populations and their substantial structure indicate their recent fragmentation under anthropic pressures. Implications of genetic and population structure for the development of in situ and ex situ conservation strategies are discussed. Conclusions could be applied for other lamiaceae species.},
	keywords = {Ecological group, Isozyme, Lamiaceae, Population structure},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-33846111218\&partnerID=40\&rel=R6.5.0},
	author = {Boussaïd, M and Chograni, H and BelHadjAli, I and Zaouali, Y and BenFadhel, N}
}
@inbook {1728,
	title = {Study of the essential oils of Thymus haussknechtii Velen and Thymus kotschyanus Boiss. et Hohen var. kotschyanus (Lamiaceae) taxa from the eastern Anatolian region in Turkey},
	booktitle = {Flavour and Fragrance Journal},
	volume = {20},
	year = {2005},
	note = {From Duplicate 1 (                           Study of the essential oils of Thymus haussknechtii Velen and Thymus kotschyanus Boiss. et Hohen var. kotschyanus (Lamiaceae) taxa from the eastern Anatolian region in Turkey                         - Bagci, EyUp; Baser, KHUsnUC H C; Başer, K H C )                
},
	month = {2005///},
	pages = {199 - 202},
	publisher = {John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd., Baffins Lane Chichester W. Sussex PO19 1UD UK},
	organization = {John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd., Baffins Lane Chichester W. Sussex PO19 1UD UK},
	address = {Affiliation: Firat University, Art and Science Faculty, Department of Biology, 23100 Elazig, Turkey; Affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy, Anadolu University, Pharmacy Faculty, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey},
	abstract = {The essential oils of water distilled aerial parts of Thymus haussknechtii and Thymus kotschyanus var. kotschyanus (Lamiaceae) were analysed by GC/MS system. Seventy-eight components were identified comprising 88.0 and 91.3\% of the total components in the oils, respectively. 1,8-Cineole (21.5\%) was the dominant compound in Thymus haussknechtii oil and thymol (47.5\%) was the main component in the oil of Thymus kotschyanus var. kotschyanus},
	keywords = {1, 8-cineole, Carvacrol, Essential oil, Lamiaceae, Thymol, Thymus haussknechtii, Thymus kotschyanus},
	isbn = {0882-5734},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-14844283717\&partnerID=40\&rel=R6.5.0http://muse.lib.auth.gr:9797/com/csa/?MuseHost=www-mi2.csa.com\&MuseFirst=1\&id=2\&recnum=3\&SID=3ed116359dfed5dfecf3a7873406b249\&MusePath=/ids70/view_record.php},
	author = {Bagci, EyUp and Başer, K H C}
}
@article {1733,
	title = {Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.), thymol},
	journal = {Journal of Herbal Pharmacotherapy},
	volume = {4},
	year = {2004},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996): 3},
	month = {2004///},
	pages = {49 - 67},
	address = {Affiliation: Natural Standard Res. Collaboration; Affiliation: Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Affiliation: Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Affiliation: Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States; Affi},
	abstract = {An evidence-based systematic review including scientific evidence, expert opinion, folkloric precedent, history, pharmacology, kinetics/dynamics, interactions, adverse effects, toxicology, and dosing. Copyright {\textcopyright} 2003 Natural Standard Inc.},
	keywords = {Labiatae, Lamiaceae, Thymol, Thymus vulgaris L.},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-1842866347\&partnerID=40\&rel=R6.5.0},
	author = {Basch, E and Ulbricht, C and Hammerness, P and Bevins, A and Sollars, D}
}
@article {1735,
	title = {The essential oils of Thymus migricus and T. fedtschenkoi var. handelii from Turkey},
	journal = {Flavour and Fragrance Journal},
	volume = {17},
	year = {2002},
	note = {From Duplicate 1 (                           The essential oils of Thymus migricus and T. fedtschenkoi var. handelii from Turkey                         - Başer, K H C; Demirci, B; Kirimer, N; Satil, F; Tümen, G )                
Cited By (since 1996): 2
        
},
	month = {2002///},
	pages = {41 - 45},
	address = {Affiliation: Anadolu University, Medicinal and Aromatic Plant, Drug Research Centre TBAM, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey},
	abstract = {The essential oils of Thymus migricus Klokov et Des.-Shost. and T. fedtschenkoi Ronniger var. handelii (Ronniger) Jalas were obtained by hydrodistillation, and analysed by GC-MS. The main components in the essential oils were found to be carvacrol and thymol and linalool, respectively. Copyright {\textcopyright} 2001 John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd.},
	keywords = {Carvacrol, Essential oil, Lamiaceae, Linalool, Thymol, Thymus fedtschenkoi var. handelii, Thymus migricus},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0036151470\&partnerID=40\&rel=R6.5.0},
	author = {Baser, K H C and Demirci, B and Kirimer, N and Satil, F and Tumen, G}
}
@article {1738,
	title = {Essential oils of Lamiaceae plants of Turkey},
	journal = {Acta Horticulturae},
	volume = {723},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {163 - 171},
	address = {Affiliation: Anadolu University Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Eskişehir, Turkey},
	abstract = {<p>The family Lamiaceae (Labiatae) is represented in Turkey by 46 genera and 571 species of which 44.2\% are endemic, with subspecies, varieties and hybrids altogether 763 taxa exists in the flora of Turkey. The essential oils of Lamiaceae taxa growing in Turkey have been published. The paper reviews recent contributions to the study of the essential oils of the genera Acinos, Calamintha, Coridothymus, Cyclotrichium, Dorystoechas, Hymenocrater, Hyssopus, Mentha, Micromeria, Nepeta, Ocimum, Origanum, Pentapleura, Perilla, Rosmarinus, Salvia, Satureja, Sideritis, Thymbra, Thymus, and Ziziphora.</p>
},
	keywords = {Essential oil, Lamiaceae, Turkey},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-33846054320\&partnerID=40\&rel=R6.5.0},
	author = {Başer, K H C and Kirimer, N}
}
@article {1719,
	title = {Volatile oil constituents of two Thymus species from Ethiopia},
	journal = {Flavour and Fragrance Journal},
	volume = {15},
	year = {2000},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996): 3},
	month = {2000///},
	pages = {123 - 125},
	address = {Affiliation: School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, PO Box 1068, Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway; Affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, PO Box 1033, Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway},
	abstract = {The volatile oils from Thymus schimperi Ronninger and T. serrulatus Hochst. ex Benth. (Lamiaceae) grown in Ethiopia, have been examined by means of GC and GC-MS. The main constituents of the essential oils of T. schimperi from four regions - Bale, Gender, Shewa, and Wello - were identified as p-cymene (9-23\%), γ-terpinene (8-17\%), thymol (6-38\%) and carvacrol (5-63\%). The oil from T. serrulatus was found to contain p-cymene (13\%), γ-terpinene (13\%) and thymol (49\%) as major components. Both species belong to the thymol-carvacrol chemotypes. Copyright (C) 2000 John Wiley and Sons, Ltd.},
	keywords = {Carvacrol, Essential oil, Lamiaceae, P-cymene, Thymol, Thymus schimperi Ronninger, Thymus serrulatus Hochst. ex Benth., γ-terpinene},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0034023191\&partnerID=40\&rel=R6.5.0},
	author = {Asfaw, N and Storesund, H J and Skatteb{\o}l, L and T{\o}nnesen, F and Aasen, A J}
}
@article {1715,
	title = {Essential Oils from Satureja obovata, Thymus serpylloides subsp. serpylloides and T. serpylloides subsp. gadorensis Micropropagated Plants},
	journal = {Journal of Essential Oil Research},
	volume = {9},
	year = {1997},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996): 1},
	month = {1997///},
	pages = {533 - 536},
	address = {Affiliation: Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; Affiliation: Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; Affiliation: Division of Ph},
	abstract = {Essential oils of micropropagated Satureja obovala Lag., Thymus serpylloides Bory subsp. serpylloides and T. serpylloides Bory subsp. gadorensis (Pau) Jalas plants (Lamiaceae) have been studied by GC and GC/MS. The composition of the oils obtained from micropropagated plants was less complex than that of plants in the same phenological stage which were collected in the field. Qualitative differences were only found for the minor constituents. The essential oil yield was always higher in the micropropagated plants.},
	keywords = {Camphor, Carvacrol, Essential oil composition, Essential oils, Isocaryophyllene, Lamiaceae, Linalool, Micropropagated plants, Satureja obovata, T. serpylloides subsp. gadorensis, Thymus serpylloides subsp. serpylloides},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0008092945\&partnerID=40\&rel=R6.5.0},
	author = {Arrebola, M L and Navarro, M C and Jiménez, J}
}
