@article {1963,
	title = {Chemical composition of essential oils of Thymus and Mentha species and their antifungal activities.},
	journal = {Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)},
	volume = {14},
	year = {2009},
	month = {2009/01//},
	pages = {238 - 49},
	abstract = {The potential antifungal effects of Thymus vulgaris L., Thymus tosevii L., Mentha spicata L., and Mentha piperita L. (Labiatae) essential oils and their components against 17 micromycetal food poisoning, plant, animal and human pathogens are presented. The essential oils were obtained by hydrodestillation of dried plant material. Their composition was determined by GC-MS. Identification of individual constituents was made by comparison with analytical standards, and by computer matching mass spectral data with those of the Wiley/NBS Library of Mass Spectra. MIC{\textquoteright}s and MFC{\textquoteright}s of the oils and their components were determined by dilution assays. Thymol (48.9\%) and p-cymene (19.0\%) were the main components of T. vulgaris, while carvacrol (12.8\%), a-terpinyl acetate (12.3\%), cis-myrtanol (11.2\%) and thymol (10.4\%) were dominant in T. tosevii. Both Thymus species showed very strong antifungal activities. In M. piperita oil menthol (37.4\%), menthyl acetate (17.4\%) and menthone (12.7\%) were the main components, whereas those of M. spicata oil were carvone (69.5\%) and menthone (21.9\%). Mentha sp. showed strong antifungal activities, however lower than Thymus sp. The commercial fungicide, bifonazole, used as a control, had much lower antifungal activity than the oils and components investigated. It is concluded that essential oils of Thymus and Mentha species possess great antifungal potential and could be used as natural preservatives and fungicides.},
	keywords = {Animals, Antifungal Agents, Antifungal Agents: chemistry, Antifungal Agents: pharmacology, Fungi, Fungi: drug effects, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Humans, Mentha, Mentha: chemistry, Oils, Thymus Plant, Thymus Plant: chemistry, Volatile, Volatile: chemistry, Volatile: pharmacology},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19136911},
	author = {Sokovi{\'c}, Marina D and Vukojevi{\'c}, Jelena and Marin, Petar D and Brki{\'c}, Dejan D and Vajs, Vlatka and van Griensven, Leo J L D}
}
@article {1927,
	title = {Essential oil polymorphism of wild growing Hungarian thyme (Thymus pannonicus) populations in the Carpathian Basin},
	journal = {Natural Product Communications},
	volume = {5},
	year = {2010},
	month = {2010///},
	pages = {1681 - 1686},
	address = {Affiliation: Department of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Corvinus University of Budapest, Vill{\'a}nyi {\'u}t 29, 1118 Budapest, Hungary; Correspondence Address: Pluh{\'a}r, Z.; Department of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Corvinus University of Budapest, Vill{\'a}n},
	abstract = {The volatile oil compositions of Thymus pannonicus All. from nineteen different localities of Hungary were analyzed by GC/MS. The essential oil content of the Hungarian thyme samples varied between very low (0.14 mL/100 g DW) and fairly high (1.9 mL/100 g DW) values. Significant essential oil polymorphism was found: altogether twelve chemovarieties may have been determined, representing a way of adaptation to different habitat conditions. The main volatile compound of chemotype 1 was thymol (24.6-67.5\%), while in the case of chemotype 2, thymol (36.5-63.7\%) and p-cymene (11.5-27.3\%) predominated. Thymol (28.4-63.7\%), p-cymene (11.5-31.8\%) and γ-terpinene (9.7-20.9\%) were identified as the chief monoterpenes of chemotype 3, while chemotype 4 contained thymol (36.5\%), p-cymene (27.3\%) and neral (11.2\%). Chemotype 5 accumulated thymol (38.5\%), p-cymene (20.6\%), γ-terpinene (12.0\%) and β-bisabolene (10.3\%) as its main volatiles. The oil of chemotype 6 can be characterized by thymol (41.9\%), p-cymene (20.2\%), isoborneol (10.3\%) and {\~a}-terpinene (9.9\%), while that of chemotype 7 consisted of thymol (27.7\%), linalyl acetate (18.8\%), γ-terpinene (18.6\%) and α-cubebene (13.9\%). In the oil of chemotype 8, p-cymene (45.0\%), geraniol (13.6\%) and linalyl acetate (9.9\%) were found in higher percentages, while chemotype 9 mainly produced linalyl acetate (36.2\%) and geranyl acetate (20.2\%). Chemotype 10 accumulated germacrene-D (43.4) and β-caryophyllene (15.0\%), while the oil of chemotype 11 contained caryophyllene oxide (45.2\%), α-cubebene (15.7\%) and linalool (13.8\%) in high proportions. Germacrene-D (29.7\%), β-caryophyllene (22.0\%) and farnesol (10.4\%) were identified as main essential oil compounds of chemotype 12. The last nine chemotypes were new for the literature, while the first seven contained thymol as their chief compound. The role of certain sesquiterpenes was found to be considerable.},
	keywords = {alpha cubebene, alpha thujene, article, beta elemene, beta pinene, camphene, Camphor, Carvacrol, caryophyllene, caryophyllene oxide, Chemotype, cineole, Diversity, Ecosystem, Essential oil, farnesol, gamma muurolene, Geraniol, Germacrene D, habitat, herbaceous agent, humulene, Hungary, isoborneol, limonene, Linalool, linalyl acetate, ocimene, Oils, para cymene, pinene, sesquiterpene, Sesquiterpenes, T cadinol, terpinene, terpineol, Thyme, thyme oil, Thymol, Thymus, Thymus pannonicus, Thymus Plant, Thymus vulgaris, unclassified drug, Volatile},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-77957924069\&partnerID=40\&md5=6024b3154737d662a6c54cc3d16c1532},
	author = {Pluh{\'a}r, Z and S{\'a}rosi, S and Pint{\'e}r, A and Simk{\'o}, H}
}
@article {1841,
	title = {GC/MS evaluation of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) oil composition and variations during the vegetative cycle.},
	journal = {Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis},
	volume = {29},
	year = {2002},
	month = {2002/07//},
	pages = {691 - 700},
	abstract = {Capillary GC/MS analysis based on polar and non-polar columns has been applied to evaluation of the volatile oils hydrodistilled from thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) plants. The adopted methodology has been used to monitor seasonal variations in the composition of the oil obtained from thyme herbs harvested at different periods during the plant vegetative and life cycles. Oils from thyme plants of young (2 years) and old (5 years) cultivations have been evaluated from four and two collections, respectively, effected throughout May/December growth period. Generally, the oil was found to be rich in the active monoterpene phenols (thymol and carvacrol) and their corresponding monoterpene hydrocarbon (HC) precursors (p-cymene and gamma-terpinene), which collectively showed synchronized patterns of variation during the different collection periods and in different seasons. The oil from old plant collected in May/June period (0.15\% v/w) was characterized by significantly lower levels of monoterpene HCs (mainly gamma-terpinene) and the highest levels of the oxygenated monoterpenes (linalool and borneol), monoterpene phenols (mainly thymol) and their derivatives (mainly carvacrol methyl ether), sesquiterpenes (mainly beta-caryophyllene) and their oxygenated derivatives (e.g. caryophyllene oxide) in comparison with all other samples. A characteristic presence of camphor and thymodihydroquinone was also observed in the old plant oils. On the other hand, the young plant, collected in June/July just before the end of the vegetative cycle, provided the best oil yield (1.2\%) with also the highest \% content of the monoterpene phenols (thymol: 51.2\% and carvacrol: 4\%). This latter growth period can represent the best harvest time of young thyme plants in order to obtain an essential oil with better quality and quantity.},
	keywords = {Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Plant Oils, Plant Oils: chemistry, Plant Stems, Plant Stems: chemistry, Thymus Plant, Thymus Plant: chemistry, Thymus Plant: growth \& development},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12093498},
	author = {Hudaib, Mohammad and Speroni, Ester and Di Pietra, Anna Maria and Cavrini, Vanni}
}
