@article {1879,
	title = {Spatial structure of nuclear factors involved in sex determination in the gynodioecious Thymus vulgaris L.},
	journal = {Journal of Evolutionary Biology},
	volume = {10},
	year = {1997},
	note = {From Duplicate 1 (                           Spatial structure of nuclear factors involved in sex determination in the gynodioecious Thymus vulgaris L.                         - Manicacci, D; Atlan, A; Couvet, D )                
},
	month = {1997///},
	pages = {889 - 907},
	publisher = {Wiley Online Library},
	address = {Affiliation: CEFE-CNRS, BP 5051, F-34033 Montpellier, France; Affiliation: Stn. de Genet. Veg., Ferme du Moulon, F-91190 Gif s/Yvette, France; Affiliation: Université de Paris VI, Dynamique du Génome et Evol., Tour 42, 4 place Jussieu, F-75251 Paris, },
	abstract = {Theoretical models have shown that the maintenance of high frequencies of females in gynodioecious species can be explained by the spatial structure of cytoplasmic and nuclear genes involved in sex determination. Whereas spatial structure of cytoplasmic factors which cause male-sterility has been studied in several taxa, that of nuclear factors that restore male-fertility (restoration factors) has received little attention. In this paper, we estimate spatial variation in the frequency of restoration factors associated with different cytoplasmic male-sterilities in the gynodioecious Thymus vulgaris. Clonal replicates of five female plants bearing at least four different male-sterilities and originating from five different populations (i.e., five cytogenotypes), were reciprocally transplanted into the original populations. Following open pollination at each site, seeds were harvested, germinated and grown to flowering. The frequency of hermaphrodites in each progeny was used to estimate the frequency of restoration factors in each population. For all cytogenotypes, there was marked variation in the rate of restoration among populations, indicating that spatial structure in nuclear restoration factors may influence the variation in female frequency in T. vulgaris. For three out of the five cytogenotypes, higher restoration rates were obtained for females introduced into their original population, which agrees with the theoretical prediction, under some hypotheses, that restoration factors are selected for in populations that contain the associated male-sterility (Gouyon and Couvet, 1985). The very low restoration rate in the progeny of one female clone in three populations indicates that stochastic events, such as founder effects, could lead to a local absence of restoration factors and thus the high female frequency (up to 90\%) observed in some populations. Differences among cytogenotypes suggest that some male-sterilities are associated with rarer restoration factors and are thus more likely to cause patches of females to develop in young populations.},
	keywords = {Cytoplasmic male-sterility, Gynodioecy, Nuclear restorer genes, Spatial structure, Thymus vulgaris},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/scopus/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0031435743\&partnerID=40\&rel=R6.5.0},
	author = {Manicacci, D and Atlan, A and Couvet, D}
}
@article {1799,
	title = {The spatial genetic structure of cytoplasmic (cpDNA) and nuclear (allozyme) markers within and among populations of the gynodioecious Thymus vulgaris (Labiatae) in southern France},
	journal = {American Journal of Botany},
	volume = {84},
	year = {1997},
	note = {From Duplicate 1 (                           The spatial genetic structure of cytoplasmic (cpDNA) and nuclear (allozyme) markers within and among populations of the gynodioecious Thymus vulgaris (Labiatae) in southern France                         - Tarayre, M; Saumitou-Laprade, P; Cuguen, J; Couvet, D; Thompson, J D )                
PT: J
        
      
},
	month = {1997/12//},
	pages = {1675 - 1684},
	abstract = {Recent advances in molecular biology have allowed the development of techniques to contrast spatial differentiation in nuclear and cytoplasmic genes and thus provide important data on relative levels of gene flow by pollen and seed in higher plants. In this paper, we compare the spatial structure of nuclear (allozymes) and cytoplasmic (cpDNA) genes among populations of the gynodioecious Thymus vulgaris in southern France. Based on a combination of three restriction enzymes (CfoI, EcoRV, and PstI), eight chlorotypes (combination of three restriction enzyme patterns revealed by Southern hybridization of Beta vulgaris cpDNA) were identified in the 13 studied populations. One chlorotype was particularly abundant and was detected in nearly all populations. Only one chlorotype was specific to a single population. Up to four different chlorotypes were observed in some populations. An F sub(ST) of 0.238 (P < 0.002) for cpDNA haplotypes indicates spatial structure of cytoplasmic genes among the studied populations. Similar patterns were found within a single young population (CAB) structured in patches and surrounded by a continuous cover of T. vulgaris where the F sub(ST) is 0.546 (P < 0.002). No significant correlation between sex and chlorotype nor between cpDNA diversity and female frequency was detected. Allozyme markers showed markedly less spatial structure (F sub(ST) = 0.021 among populations and 0.019 in the CAB population, P < 0.001). This difference between cpDNA and nuclear allozyme markers suggests that pollen dispersal is more important than seed dispersal both among and within populations},
	isbn = {0002-9122},
	url = {http://muse.lib.auth.gr:9797/com/csa/?MuseHost=www-mi2.csa.com\&MuseFirst=1\&id=2\&recnum=1\&SID=720ce478dc2df80d779b696384a1418e\&MusePath=/ids70/view_record.php},
	author = {Cuguen, J and Couvet, D and Thompson, J D and Tarayre, M and Saumitou-Laprade, P}
}
@inbook {1800,
	title = {The spatial genetic structure of cytoplasmic (cpDNA) and nuclear (allozyme) markers within and among populations of the gynodioecious Thymus vulgaris (Labiatae) in southern France},
	booktitle = {American Journal of Botany},
	volume = {84},
	year = {1997},
	month = {1997///},
	pages = {1675 - 1684},
	abstract = {Recent advances in molecular biology have allowed the development of techniques to contrast spatial differentiation in nuclear and cytoplasmic genes and thus provide important data on relative levels of gene flow by pollen and seed in higher plants. In this paper, we compare the spatial structure of nuclear (allozymes) and cytoplasmic (cpDNA) genes among populations of the gynodioecious Thymus vulgaris in southern France. Based on a combination of three restriction enzymes (CfoI, EcoRV, and PstI), eight chlorotypes (combination of three restriction enzyme patterns revealed by Southern hybridization of Beta vulgaris cpDNA) were identified in the 13 studied populations. One chlorotype was particularly abundant and was detected in nearly all populations. Only one chlorotype was specific to a single population. Up to four different chlorotypes were observed in some populations. An F sub(ST) of 0.238 (P < 0.002) for cpDNA haplotypes indicates spatial structure of cytoplasmic genes among the studied populations. Similar patterns were found within a single young population (CAB) structured in patches and surrounded by a continuous cover of T. vulgaris where the F sub(ST) is 0.546 (P < 0.002). No significant correlation between sex and chlorotype nor between cpDNA diversity and female frequency was detected. Allozyme markers showed markedly less spatial structure (F sub(ST) = 0.021 among populations and 0.019 in the CAB population, P < 0.001). This difference between cpDNA and nuclear allozyme markers suggests that pollen dispersal is more important than seed dispersal both among and within populations},
	isbn = {0002-9122},
	url = {http://muse.lib.auth.gr:9797/com/csa/?MuseHost=www-mi2.csa.com\&MuseFirst=1\&id=2\&recnum=1\&SID=720ce478dc2df80d779b696384a1418e\&MusePath=/ids70/view_record.php},
	author = {Cuguen, J and Couvet, D and Thompson, J D and Tarayre, M and Saumitou-Laprade, P}
}
